Objectives: This study aims to investigate the differences in preschooler self-regulation of media use depending on screen media use environments (physical, situational, and parental factors).Methods: A total of 989 parents of 4-6-years-olds were surveyed to identify the differences in media use self-regulation depending on the environmental factors. An analysis of covariance was performed, controlling for the sex and age of preschoolers.Results: The self-regulation of media usage scores ordered by type was: TV, Tablet PC/Personal Computer/Laptop, and Smartphone. The self-regulation of media use scores by platform was: OTT, IPTV, terrestrial TV, cable TV, and YouTube. Regarding whether or not preschooler have channel selection, it was found that the group with channel seledtion for preschooler had lower self-regulation score than the group without it. The group viewing screen media with their mothers exhibited the highest screen media use self-regulation score. In contrast, the group viewing with grandparents showed the lowest screen media use self-regulation score. Concerning parental factors, self-regulation scores were lower in the infant-centered low-motivation group than in the high-motivation group. For parent-centered motivation, the opposite result was found. Fathers’ media usage time-high group had lower self-regulation scores than the low group.Conclusion: The appropriate preparation of the screen media use environment is an essential factor in improving the self-regulation of preschooler screen media use. Specifically, it is necessary to create an appropriately controlled media use environment to improve preschooler self-regulation of media use.
This study aimed to understand what factors the mothers of infants consider to be important when choosing screen media programs for their children, and to investigate whether those features differ according to maternal socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, employment status, and family income). The study participants comprised 948 mothers who were the primary caregivers and had at least one child aged 4-6. They were asked to select three of the following aspects as critical criteria for determining if a given screen media program is appropriate for infants: (a) contents suitable to the child’s developmental level, (b) behaviors of characters, (c) appearance of characters, (d) visual aspects of program, (e) duration of screen media program, (f) whether the screen media program includes instructive contents, and (g) whether the program leads to opportunities for conversations among family members and activities with children. Multiple response frequency analysis and multiple response cross-analysis were used to analyze the mothers’ responses. The results revealed that the majority of the mothers reported that ‘contents suitable to the child’s developmental level’ represented the first-ranked criterion for selecting screen media programs for their child, which was followed by ‘behaviors of characters,’ and ‘whether the screen media program includes instructive contents.’ However, such criteria for screen media programs for infants differed according to maternal age, education level, employment status, and family income. These outcomes suggest that different information needs to be provided based on maternal characteristics in order to help mothers determine the quality of screen media programs for their infants.
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