Highly efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells are prepared by introducing the formamidinium thiocyanate additive into quasi-two-dimensional tin-based perovskites.

Chiral supramolecular nanostructures with optoelectronic functions are expected to play a central role in many scientific and technological fields but their practical use remains in its infancy. Here, this paper reports photoconductive chiral organic semiconductors (OSCs) based on perylene diimides with the highest electron mobility among the chiral OSCs and investigates the structure and optoelectronic properties of their homochiral and heterochiral supramolecular assemblies from bottom-up self-assembly. Owing to the well-ordered supramolecular packing, the homochiral nanomaterials exhibit superior charge transport with significantly higher photoresponsivity and dissymmetry factor compared with those of their thin film and monomeric equivalents, which enables highly selective detection of circularly polarized light, for the first time, in visible spectral range. Interestingly, the heterochiral nanostructures assembled from co-self-assembly of racemic mixtures show extraordinary chiral self-discrimination phenomenon, where opposite enantiomeric molecules are packed alternately into heterochiral architectures, leading to completely different optoelectrical performances. In addition, the crystal structures of homochiral and heterochiral nanostructures have first been studied by ab initio X-ray powder diffraction analysis. These findings give insights into the structure-chiroptical property relationships of chiral supramolecular self-assemblies and demonstrate the feasibility of supramolecular chirality for high-performance chiroptical sensing.

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, flexible sensors are regarded as one of the most important technologies for the development of humanfriendly wearable devices. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on conjugated polymers or small molecules are promising sensor platforms because they have various advantages, including high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility, and low-cost fabrication processes. OFET-based sensors enable continuous monitoring of external stimuli or target analytes with superior detection capabilities. This review describes the working principles and sensing mechanisms of various OFET-based sensors, including chemical, biological, photo, pressure, and temperature sensors, and introduces the recent progress in this field. In addition, the technical challenges and future outlook of OFETbased sensors for next-generation flexible electronics are briefly discussed.

This review describes the development status of organic sensors for health-monitoring systems and the strategies to enhance their performance.

Background/AimsThe progression and development of congestive heart failure is still considered a large problem despite the existence of revascularization therapies and optimal, state-of-the-art medical services. An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of congestive heart failure, so researchers are investigating techniques to complement primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolytic therapy to prevent congestive heart failure after AMI.MethodsTwenty-six patients with successful PCI for acute ST-segment elevation anterior wall myocardial infarction were assigned to either a control group (n = 12) or a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) group (n = 14). The control group received optimum post-infarction treatment, and the BMSC group received intracoronary delivery of autologous BMSC at 1 month after PCI with the optimum medical treatment. The primary endpoint was a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change from baseline to 4-month follow-up, as determined via myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).ResultsThe global LVEF at baseline (determined 3.5 ± 1.5 days after PCI) was 35.4 ± 3.0% in the control group and 33.6 ± 4.7% in the BM-MSC group. BMSC transfer enhanced left ventricular systolic function primarily in anterior wall myocardial segments adjacent to the LAD infarcted area. Four months later, via SPECT, global LVEF had increased by 4.8 ± 1.9% in the control group and 8.8 ± 2.9% in the BM-MSC group (p = 0.031). The cell transfer did not increase the risk of adverse clinical events, in-stent restenosis, or proarrhythmic effects. The echocardiographic evaluation also revealed a significant increase in the LVEF value from baseline to the 4-month (9.0 ± 4.7 and 5.3 ± 2.6%, p = 0.023) and 12-month (9.9 ± 5.2% and 6.5 ± 2.7%, p = 0.048) follow-up in the BM-MSC group but not in the control group.ConclusionsIntracoronary administration of autologous BM-MSC was tolerable and safe with significant improvement in LVEF at 4-month (SPECT and echocardiography result) and 12-month (echocardiography result only) follow-up in patients with anterior AMI.

Hybrid materials in optoelectronic devices can generate new functionality or provide synergistic effects that enhance the properties of each component. Here, high-performance phototransistors with broad spectral responsivity in UV-vis-near-infrared (NIR) regions, using gold nanorods (Au NRs)-decorated n-type organic semiconductor and N,N′-bis(2-phenylethyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10tetracarboxylic diimide (BPE-PTCDI) nanowires (NWs) are reported. By way of the synergistic effect of the excellent photo-conducting characteristics of single-crystalline BPE-PTCDI NW and the light scattering and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) of Au NRs, the hybrid system provides new photodetectivity in the NIR spectral region. In the UV-vis region, hybrid nanomaterial-based phototransistors exhibit significantly enhanced photo-responsive properties with a photo-responsivity (R) of 7.70 × 10 5 A W −1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.42 × 10 8 % at the minimum light intensity of 2.5 µW cm −2 , which are at least tenfold greater than those of pristine BPE-PTCDI NW-based ones and comparable to those of high-performance inorganic material-based devices. While a pristine BPE-PTCDI NW-based photodetector is insensitive to the NIR spectral region, the hybrid NW-based phototransistor shows an R of 10.7 A W −1 and EQE of 1.35 × 10 3 % under 980 nm wavelength-NIR illumination. This work demonstrates a viable approach to high-performance photo-detecting systems with broad spectral responsivity.

A review on manganese oxide-based electrocatalysts for the water oxidation reaction.

Anode aluminum oxide-supported thin-film fuel cells having a sub-500-nm-thick bilayered electrolyte comprising a gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) layer and an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer were fabricated and electrochemically characterized in order to investigate the effect of the YSZ protective layer. The highly dense and thin YSZ layer acted as a blockage against electron and oxygen permeation between the anode and GDC electrolyte. Dense GDC and YSZ thin films were fabricated using radio frequency sputtering and atomic layer deposition techniques, respectively. The resulting bilayered thin-film fuel cell generated a significantly higher open circuit voltage of approximately 1.07 V compared with a thin-film fuel cell with a single-layered GDC electrolyte (approximately 0.3 V).