The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical movement and postoperative orthodontic treatment (POT) of the surgery-first approach for the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. The samples consisted of 11 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent nonextraction treatment and 2-jaw surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy impaction of the posterior maxilla, IPM; bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy setback of the mandible). The wafer was removed 4 weeks after surgery. Mean (SD) durations of POT and total treatment were 8.91 (3.14) and 12.18 (3.57) months, respectively. Lateral cephalograms were obtained during the initial examination (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), and after debonding (T2). Sixteen variables were measured. Paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis. The maxilla rotated clockwise, and the nasolabial angle increased by IPM (FH-palatal plane angle, FH-occlusal plane angle, P < 0.01; nasolabial angle, P < 0.05) and well maintained during POT. The mandible was repositioned backward by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy setback of the mandible (SNB, Pog-N perp, P < 0.001) and relapsed forward during POT (SNB, P < 0.01; Pog-N perp, P < 0.05). U1-SN decreased by IPM (P < 0.001) and relapsed labially owing to class III mechanics during POT (P < 0.01); eventually, no significant difference was found between T0 and T2 stages. Although IMPA increased by POT, there was no significant difference between T0 and T2 stages. The mandible seems to relapse forward immediately after wafer removal and before labioversion of the lower incisors. Accurate prediction of POT is crucial in controlling dental alignment, incisor decompensation, arch coordination, and occlusal settling. Long-term wearing and selective grinding of the wafer for labioversion of the lower incisors and use of miniplates/miniscrews to control the inclination of the upper incisor and to prevent relapse of the mandible are needed.

Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is closely associated with various metabolic complications and neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in pathological hypothalamic inflammatory processes. Here, we demonstrate that hypothalamic astrocytes accumulate lipid droplets under saturated fatty acid-rich conditions, such as obese environment, and that the lipid-laden astrocytes increase astrogliosis markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1) at the transcript and/or protein level. Medium conditioned by the lipid-laden astrocytes stimulate microglial chemotactic activity and upregulate transcripts of the microglia activation marker Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicate that the lipid-laden astrocytes formed in free fatty acid-rich obese condition may participate in obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation through promoting microglia migration and activation.

Obesity‐induced inflammation occurs not only in peripheral tissues but also in areas of the central nervous system. Glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in obesity‐related hypothalamic inflammation, leading to the derangement of energy metabolism and neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we show that the interaction of 4‐1 BB /4‐1 BBL between lipid‐laden astrocytes/microglia promotes hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. Stimulation of 4‐1 BB , a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, and/or its ligand 4‐1 BBL on astrocytes and/or microglia with a specific agonist resulted in activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway and enhanced production of inflammatory mediators. Contact coculture of lipid‐laden astrocytes and microglia increased the production of inflammatory mediators, and blockade of the 4‐1 BB /4‐1 BBL interaction reduced the inflammatory response. Moreover, deficiency of 4‐1 BB reduced hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice fed an high‐fat diet. These findings suggest that 4‐1 BBL /4‐1 BB signaling enhances the glial cell‐mediated inflammatory cross talk and participates in obesity‐induced hypothalamic inflammation.

The association between various forms of a product—13 styles of western dress for women introduced into Seoul, Korea, before 1972—and the quantity adopted by 495 Korean women, grouped by age, education, and occupation, was delineated in this study. Three garments—the blouse, overcoat, and separate gathered skirt—were owned by over 80 percent of all women. Of the Korean women over 60 years of age, born in the Yi era prior to 1910, over half owned three western styles: the gathered skirt, separate blouse, and overcoat; of women 30 to 60 years of age, born during the Japanese Colonialism period (1910 to 1945), over half in addition owned the one‐piece beltless dress and the spring coat; of women 18 to 30 years of age, educated in western‐type democracy, over half owned 10 styles of dress. Age and education were significantly associated with the quantity and variety of 12 western styles owned, while occupation was significantly associated with only three styles—suits, pants or shorts, and tight skirts. Quantity plus variety of western styles owned by Korean women can be called “levels of adoption” and may be used to identify three levels of acculturation with western ideas.

Doxazosin mesylate is a selective alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist for the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of doxazosin in plasma. A reversed phase C18 column was used for the separation of doxazosin and prazosin (internal standard) with a mobile phase composed of water, acetonitrile, triethylamine (68:32:0.2 v/v, pH 5.0) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The fluorescence detector was operated at 246 (excitation) and 389 nm (emission). Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL. Recovery of doxazosin from human plasma was greater than 93.4%. Doxazosin was stable in human plasma under various storage conditions. This method was used successfully for a pharmacokinetic study in plasma after oral administration of multiple 4-mg dose of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system formulation to 16 healthy volunteers. At steady state the mean area under the curve for a dosing interval and elimination half-life were calculated to be 367.0 +/- 63.5 ng x hr/mL and 29.2 +/- 4.5 hr, respectively. There was no difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between male and female.

Intracellular membranes composing organelles of eukaryotes include membrane proteins playing crucial roles in physiological functions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the cellular responses triggered by intracellular membrane-targeted oxidative stress remains elusive. Herein, we developed an amphiphilic photocatalyst localised in intracellular membranes to damage membrane proteins oxidatively, resulting in non-canonical pyroptosis. Our developed photocatalysis generated hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxides via water oxidation, which was accelerated under hypoxia. Single-molecule magnetic tweezers revealed that photocatalysis-induced oxidation markedly destabilised membrane protein folding. In cell environment, label-free quantification revealed that oxidative damage occurred primarily in membrane proteins related to protein quality control, thereby aggravating mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and inducing lytic cell death. Notably, the photocatalysis activated non-canonical inflammasome caspases, resulting in gasdermin D cleavage to its pore-forming fragment and subsequent pyroptosis. These findings suggest that the oxidation of intracellular membrane proteins triggers non-canonical pyroptosis.

Background and Objectives Ototoxic sensorineural hearing loss causes permanent hearing loss in most cases. Recently there have been many reports describing cell base therapy with stem cells that has some effect on hearing recovery. We evaluated the efficacy of clinical grade, pre-made, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in ototoxic deaf animal model.Materials and Method BM-MSCs were cultured in a clinical grade laboratory. The animals were divided into 2 groups as follows: a saline injected control group and a stem cell injected group (MSC-group). Cultured MSCs were transplanted into the brachial vein of the deaf mice model. We recorded auditory brainstem response (ABR) and conducted immunohistochemistry at 1, 3, and 5 weeks.Results After the transplantation of MSC, a significant improvement in the hearing threshold of ABR was observed in the MSC transplanted group. Five weeks after transplantation of MSCs, hair cell regeneration was confirmed from the basal to the apex of the cochlea in fluorescent dyed image under the microscope compared to the control group.Conclusion BM-MSCs were effective in an acute ototoxic deaf animal model. These results show that stem cell transplantation mediate inner ear regeneration.