In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activities on gastritis and gastric ulcer using liriodendrin which is a constituent isolated from Kalopanax pictus. To elucidate its abilities to prevent gastric injury, we measured the quantity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as the protective factor, and we assessed inhibition of activities related to excessive gastric acid be notorious for aggressive factor and inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization known as a cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Liriodendrin exhibited higher PGE2 level than rebamipide used as a positive control group at the dose of 500 μM. It was also exhibited acid-neutralizing capacity (10.3%) and H+/K+-ATPase inhibition of 42.6% (500 μM). In pylorus-ligated rats, liriodendrin showed lower volume of gastric juice (4.38 ± 2.14 ml), slightly higher pH (1.53 ± 0.41), and smaller total acid output (0.47 ± 0.3 mEq/4 hrs) than the control group. Furthermore liriodendrin inhibited colonization of H. pylori effectively. In vivo test, liriodendrin significantly inhibited both of HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis (46.9 %) and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer (46.1%). From these results, we suggest that liriodendrin could be utilized for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Genipin, an aglycone of geniposide, is a major component of gardeniae fructus, and has been used to treat jaundice, various inflammatory disorders, and liver disease, and has also been used as a natural crosslinking agent. The authors conducted several experiments to evaluate the protective effects of genipin on gastrointestinal disorders, such as, gastritis and gastric ulcers. Genipin showed inhibitory effects against HCl·ethanol-induced acute gastritis and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats and increased prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in AGS gastric cancer cell. Genipin had significant effects on aggressive factors, acidneutralization, and gastric secretion, and inhibited H /K -ATPase (a proton pump), which secretes gastric acid. The results obtained indicate that genipin has significant gastroprotective effects and might be useful for treating and preventing gastric lesions.

Sennoside A and sennoside B is evacuant to increase the sensitivity of the colon. In vivo test, we performed HCl·ethanol‐induced gastritis test, indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcer test, gastric secretion in pylorus‐ligated test, H+/K+ATPase activity test, gastric emptying and intestinal motility test. In vitro test, we examined acid‐neutralizing capacity, quantity of PGE2 and inhibition of H. pylori colonization and we confirmed apoptosis using DAPI nuclear staining, FACS analysis. Sennoside A and B inhibit lesion index in gastritis and gastric ulcer in rats. These results showed that these components reduced gastric juice, an aggressive factor and total acidity and increased pH moderately. In addition, it was made sure that proton pump inhibiton influenced on gastric acid secretion control and that colonization inhibiting activity on H. pylori. As protection enhancing factors to gastric damage, sennoside A and B increased PGE2 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Especially, sennoside B was superior to sennoside A in proton pump inhibitory activity and PGE2 synthesis increase. From gastric emptying rate experiment, both sennoside A and B showed the recovery of stomach adaptability and gastric movement acceleration and that of motility of duodeno‐jejunum disorder from intestinal transporting rate experiment compared to control group. To make use of DAPI nuclear stain method, nuclear change has been identified and the rate of apoptosis increase confirmed concentration dependently with FACS. These results are expected to contribute the standardization and scientific movement of herbal medicines and furtherly to make sure of the capability of development of herbal drugs.