Resveratrol is a typical plant phenolic compound whose derivatives are synthesized through hydroxylation, O-methylation, prenylation, and oligomerization. Resveratrol and its derivatives exhibit anti-neurodegenerative, anti-rheumatoid, and anti-inflammatory effects. Owing to the diverse biological activities of these compounds and their importance in human health, this study attempted to synthesize five resveratrol derivatives (isorhapontigenin, pterostilbene, 4-methoxyresveratrol, piceatannol, and rhapontigenin) using Escherichia coli. Two-culture system was used to improve the final yield of resveratrol derivatives. Resveratrol was synthesized in the first E. coli cell that harbored genes for resveratrol biosynthesis including TAL (tyrosine ammonia lyase), 4CL (4-coumaroyl CoA ligase), STS (stilbene synthase) and genes for tyrosine biosynthesis such as aroG (deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase) and tyrA (prephenate dehydrogenase). Thereafter, culture filtrate from the first cell was used for the modification reaction carried out using the second E. coli harboring hydroxylase and/or O-methyltransferase. Approximately, 89.8 mg/L of resveratrol was synthesized and using the same, five derivatives were prepared with a conversion rate of 88.2% to 22.9%. Using these synthesized resveratrol derivatives, we evaluated their anti-inflammatory activity. 4-Methoxyresveratrol, pterostilbene and isorhapontigenin showed the anti-inflammatory effects without any toxicity. In addition, pterostilbene exhibited the enhanced anti-inflammatory effects for macrophages compared to resveratrol.
Flavonoid C-glucosides, which are found in several plant families, are characterized by several biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antibacterial, antihyperalgesic, antiviral, and antinociceptive activities. The biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid C-glucosides in plants has been elucidated. In the present study, a pathway was introduced to Escherichia coli to synthesize four flavonoid C-glucosides, namely, isovitexin, vitexin, kaempferol 6-C-glucoside, and kaempferol 8-C-glucoside. A five- or six-step metabolic pathway for synthesizing flavonoid aglycones from tyrosine was constructed and two regioselective flavonoid C-glycosyltransferases from Wasabia japonica (WjGT1) and Trollius chinensis (TcCGT) were used. Additionally, the best shikimate gene module construct was selected to maximize the titer of each C-glucoside flavonoid. Isovitexin (30.2 mg/L), vitexin (93.9 mg/L), kaempferol 6-C-glucoside (14.4 mg/L), and kaempferol 8-C-glucoside (38.6 mg/L) were synthesized using these approaches. The flavonoid C-glucosides synthesized in this study provide a basis for investigating and unraveling their novel biological properties.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.