Acetylcholinesterase inactivating compounds, such as organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides, are widely used in agriculture to ensure sustainable production of food and feed. As a consequence of their applications, they would result in neurotoxicity, even death. In this essence, the development of enzyme inhibition methods still shows great significance as rapid detection techniques for on-site large-scale screening of OPs and CMs. Initially, mechanisms and applications of various enzyme-inhibition-based methods and devices, including optical colorimetric assay, fluorometric assays, electrochemical biosensors, rapid test card, and microfluidic device, are highlighted in the present overview. Further, to enhance the enzyme sensitivity for detection; alternative enzyme sources or high yield enrichment methods (such as abzyme, artificial enzyme, and recombinant enzyme), as well as enzyme reactivation and identification, are also addressed in this comprehensive overview.
As an important chemical pollutant affecting the safety
of agricultural
products, the on-site and efficient detection of pesticide residues
has become a global trend and hotspot in research. These methodologies
were developed for simplicity, high sensitivity, and multiresidue
detection. This review introduces the currently available technologies
based on electrochemistry, optical analysis, biotechnology, and some
innovative and novel technologies for the rapid detection of pesticide
residues, focusing on the characteristics, research status, and application
of the most innovative and novel technologies in the past 10 years,
and analyzes challenges and future development prospects. The current
review could be a good reference for researchers to choose the appropriate
research direction in pesticide residue detection.
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