COVID-19 has spread worldwide and is one of the most threatening infectious diseases in the world. Vaccination is known as an effective method to protect susceptible populations against such diseases. The Coronavirus vaccine developed by Sinovac has been shown to have a high protective effect, but it also has potential adverse events. For example, our department saw two patients with reported cases of deafness that occurred after inoculation with the Sinovac Coronavirus vaccine. While deafness is only a rare adverse event from the Coronavirus vaccine, whether other vaccination centers, hospitals, and centers for disease control (CDCs) have encountered similar cases still needs to be investigated, reported, and analyzed.
To study the effects of drug delivery using solid lipid nanoparticles in the treatment of acute noise exposure-induced cochlea damage. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were used as carriers to effectively encapsulate the drug clozapine, improve drug stability in the carrier system, and increase drug bioavailability in vivo. Solid lipid nanoparticles carrying clozapine were produced by ultrasonic technology. The clozapine solution or sulphate SLN was administered though intratympanic or intravenous injection on the first day of noise exposure Guinea pigs were exposed to 110 dB sound pressure level (SPL) noise (2 h per day with center frequencies of 0.25–4.0 kHz for 4 days). After noise exposure, the guinea pigs were subjected to auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold measurements. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected in the cochlea by electron spin resonance (ESR), and outer hair cell counts (OHCs) were obtained using silver nitrate (AgNO3). SLN particles carrying clozapine exhibited protective effects on the cochlea. The threshold shift and ROS production in treated animals, especially in animals treated with clozapine SLN through intraperitoneal injection, were significantly lower than those in untreated animals.
To modify polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles using hyaluronic acid (HA) to prepare a novel nonviral vector and use it to coat Atoh1-EGFP plasmid to detect its translocation in living guinea pig cochlea dyeing efficiency. Atoh1-EGFP plasmid was extracted and characterized using a Zetasizer particle size analyzer. HA/PEI/DNA complexion was characterized and introduced into the round window membrane. EGFP green fluorescence carried in the Atoh1 plasmid was observed by confocal microscopy. The transfection results were verified by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the perspective of protein and nucleic acid to verify its expression results. In this study, HA-modified PEI nanoparticles are negatively-charged nanoscale gene carrier complexes. After the Atoh1-EGFP plasmid was introduced into the cochlea, the results of confocal microscopy showed that the inner and outer hair cells of the basement membrane could be detected in green fluorescent protein. The transfection efficiency of basement membrane is as high as 81.7±4.71%, while the transversion is 33.8±9.02%. Western Blot and RT-PCR also confirmed that the Atoh1 gene can be successfully transfected on the basement membrane. The gene transfection of cochlea may be achieved by HA-modified PEI nanoparticle gene vector with no obvious toxicity to basement membrane cells. It is also an ideal inner-end gene transfection vector owing to its simple synthesis method and low cost.
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