In recent years, mobile payments have gradually replaced cash payments, resulting in a gradual decline in the number of automatic teller machines (ATMs) demanded by banks. Through investigation and analysis, we determine four means to deal with decommissioned ATMs, and construct thereafter an ATM reverse logistics (RL_ATMs) network model, which includes suppliers, producers, warehouses, operators, maintenance centers, collection and inspection centers, disposal centers, remanufacturing centers, and recycling centers. This model is further expressed as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Given that an ATM recycling network has planned and batched characteristics, a percentage diversion method is proposed to transform a real multi-cycle problem to a single-cycle problem. The RL_ATMs network constructed in this study presents the two forms of ATMs, functional modules and the entire machine. We used the actual situations of the related companies and enterprises in Anhui Province and its surrounding areas, as well as major banks’ ATMs, as bases in using the LINGO software to solve the proposed MILP model with the objective function of minimizing costs and environmental emissions, and obtain the relevant companies’ launch operations. Lastly, we analyzed the relationship between coefficients in the percentage diversion method and calculation results, cost, and carbon emissions. Accordingly, we find that the number of remanufacturing and maintenance centers has no evident impact on the objective function, transportation costs account for a large proportion of the total cost, and emissions tax is small.
The quality of rolled products and consumption of rolls are greatly influenced by the oxidation behavior of work roll surface in hot rolling. It is of great significance to improve the quality of rolled products and reduce the consumption of rolls to monitor and evaluate the oxidation states of work rolls in service by non-contact nondestructive inspection technology. In this study, a self-developed test apparatus simulated the high-speed steel (HSS) work roll oxidation in real hot rolling conditions. The interaction mechanism between oxidation and wear of HSS work roll under different conditions was revealed. Furthermore, a set of pulsed eddy current (PEC) nondestructive inspection system was designed and built to evaluate different oxidation states of HSS work roll in service. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) Hilbert transformation was proposed to overcome the problem of mode mixing in mode decomposition of oxidation monitoring signals. At last, the Hilbert marginal spectrum centroid was presented as a characteristic for quantifying the surface oxidation state of work rolls in service.
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