was prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and was found to be a novel visible light driven photocatalyst. The catalyst showed high efficiency for the degradation of nonbiodegradable azodyes and the killing of Escherichia coli under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The catalyst activity was maintained effectively after successive cyclic experiments under UV or visible light irradiation without the destruction of AgBr. On the basis of the characterization of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, the surface Ag species mainly exist as Ag 0 in the structure of all samples before and after reaction, and Ag 0 species scavenged h VB + and then trapped e CB -in the process of photocatalytic reaction, inhibiting the decomposition of AgBr. The studies of ESR and H 2 O 2 formation revealed that • OH and O 2•-were formed in visible light irradiated aqueous Ag/AgBr/TiO 2 suspension, while there was no reactive oxygen species in the visible light irradiated Ag 0 /TiO 2 system. The results indicate that AgBr is the main photoactive species for the destruction of azodyes and bacteria under visible light. In addition, the bactericidal efficiency and killing mechanism of Ag/AgBr/TiO 2 under visible light irradiation are illustrated and discussed.
was prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and was found to be a novel visible light driven photocatalyst. The catalyst showed high efficiency for the degradation of nonbiodegradable azodyes and the killing of Escherichia coli under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The catalyst activity was maintained effectively after successive cyclic experiments under UV or visible light irradiation without the destruction of AgBr. On the basis of the characterization of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, the surface Ag species mainly exist as Ag 0 in the structure of all samples before and after reaction, and Ag 0 species scavenged h VB + and then trapped e CB -in the process of photocatalytic reaction, inhibiting the decomposition of AgBr. The studies of ESR and H 2 O 2 formation revealed that•-were formed in visible light irradiated aqueous Ag/AgBr/TiO 2 suspension, while there was no reactive oxygen species in the visible light irradiated Ag 0 /TiO 2 system. The results indicate that AgBr is the main photoactive species for the destruction of azodyes and bacteria under visible light. In addition, the bactericidal efficiency and killing mechanism of Ag/AgBr/TiO 2 under visible light irradiation are illustrated and discussed.
Cobalt (Co) has been considered as one of the candidates for the barrier material in copper (Cu) interconnects. As a metal that is less noble than copper, Co poses two challenges to the integration scheme. For example, during the post-chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) cleaning step, corrosion of Co and galvanic corrosion between Co and Cu may occur. To minimize such corrosion, a corrosion inhibitor is often added into the post-CMP cleaning solution. The present study investigates the interaction between these metals and a representative corrosion inhibitor 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ). More specifically, this study uses various analytical techniques to elucidate the mechanism with which TAZ reduces the corrosion density of Co and Cu and prevents galvanic corrosion between the two metals. Furthermore, it is found that TAZ preferentially forms a passivating film on the relative stable Co surface containing cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH) 2 ) whereas the instability of Co reduces the effectiveness of TAZ inhibition. The corrosion protection for cobalt at pH 10 in presence of TAZ is mainly attributed to the physisorption and chemisorption of TAZ molecules on oxide covered Co surface, which follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is anticipated that the same passivation mechanism may also be applicable to other structurally similar corrosion inhibitors.
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