Expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc protein seems to be a useful marker to reflect irradiation response and to predict illness condition and patient outcome.
Physicians reported they could observe (M = 33.3, SD = 5.2, 83.3%) and assess (M = 31.5, SD = 7.3, 79%) a larger number of objectives compared to the IP clinician group (M = 24.7, SD = 8.6, 61.8% and M = 20.3, SD = 10.6, 51%, respectively). There were no differences between the clinical service teams (i.e., preschool/school-age and pediatric rehabilitation). The objective that was most observable and assessable by the IP clinicians was "Demonstrates a respectful attitude towards other colleagues and members of an interprofessional team." Four themes identified by the IP clinicians provided more in-depth qualitative information: (a) assessment requires more than simple observation, (b) assumptions and indirect observation influence assessment, (c) clinic culture and structure shapes observation and assessment, and (d) specific assessment criteria are required by IP clinicians. Insights: IP clinicians have the desire and ability to provide formative feedback to residents. Formalized processes with specific evaluation criteria would facilitate meaningful feedback from IP clinicians in the assessment of residents as they journey toward competence.
To determine serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and transforming growth factor ␣ (TGF-␣) in 51 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma before, during, and after radiation therapy (5-year follow-up period). Results: The mean±SD serum levels of the 2 cytokines were found to be higher in patients before radiotherapy (sI-CAM-1, 369.6±123.7 ng/mL; TGF-␣, 36.6±24.6 ng/mL) than after radiotherapy (sICAM-1, 225.9±124.3 ng/mL; TGF-␣, 20.2±22.3 ng/mL) (PϽ.05), and they were significantly higher in patients with recurrence (sICAM-1, 512.5±271.2 ng/mL; TGF-␣, 48.2±23.4 ng/mL) and in those who died (sICAM-1, 542.6±245.4 ng/mL; TGF-␣, 50.2±28.8 ng/mL) than in patients with no recurrence (sICAM-1, 217.9 ± 116.4 ng/mL; TGF-d, 21.5 ± 26.8 ng/mL) and in those who survived (sICAM-1, 209.4±167.2 ng/mL; TGF-␣, 20.4 ± 27.3 ng/mL) (PϽ.05). The increases in serum levels occurred approximately 3 months before relapse. Conclusion: We found that sICAM-1 and TGF-␣ levels are extremely useful markers for predicting illness, recurrence, and survival.
A1 dysplasia/hypoplasia is a potential risk factor in the formation of ACoA aneurysms. Wall shear stress increase may contribute to aneurysm formation. Wall shear stress decrease and turbulent flow may be responsible for the growth and rupture of ACoA aneurysms. The hemodynamic mechanism in the growth and rupture of aneurysms in different locations might be different.
Objectives: The treatment of hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx can be challenging and stressful because of the high tumor recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of intratumor injection of bleomycin and electroresection/electrocautery on the hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx through suspension laryngoscopy. Methods: With patients under general anesthesia, the hemangiomas were fully exposed through suspension laryngoscopy. After intratumor injection of bleomycin, in some patients, the hemangiomas were completely resected along the bottom of the tumor pedicle by polypus-forceps electroscalpel; for other patients, the hemangiomas were pinched and held, and then the whole-tumor tissues were cauterized and coagulated by the electroscalpel. Prior to commencing the study, all participants signed informed consents, and all procedures were approved by the hospital ethical committee. Results: There was almost no bleeding during the operations, no postoperative dyspnea, and no hemorrhage. The patients were followed up for 3 years; the 3-year cure rate was 97%. Conclusion: The hemangioma in the hypopharynx and larynx can be cured by a single-session treatment, using the combination of intratumor injection of bleomycin and electroresection/electrocautery through suspension laryngoscopy. Our method is reliable, affordable, and effective, and it could be widely applied in other hospitals.
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