The flavonoids in Ageratum conyzoides L. have been used in traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. However, the specific mechanism of its antibacterial effect, and the potential therapeutic effect on vaginitis have not been well explained. The growth curves of E. coli, S. aurues, and P. aeruginosa after treatment with flavonoids were measured. The influences of flavonoids on the conductivity of bacterial culture medium and exudation of bacterial nucleic acid were also detected. Transcriptomics analysis was applied to analyze the potential mechanism of flavonoids. Flavonoids significantly suppressed the growth curves of E. coli, S. aurues, and P. aeruginosa, and increased the conductivity of bacteria and nucleic acid exudation. Transcriptomics analysis indicated that flavonoids could suppress bacteria by affecting the transcription and metabolism pathways. The obvious therapeutic effect of flavonoids on bacterial vaginitis was also observed. This study systematically analyzed the bacteriostatic mechanism of flavonoids, which should be helpful to develop new drugs based on the bacteriostatic effect of flavonoids.

TiAl alloys containing high Nb are significantly promising for high-temperature structural applications in aerospace and automotive industries. Unfortunately the low plasticity at room temperature limits their extensive applications. To improve the plasticity, not only optimizing the opposition, but also refining grain size through equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is necessary. The equal channel angular extrusion simulation of Ti-44Al-8Nb-(Cr,Mn,B,Y)(at%) alloy was investigated by using the Deform-3D software. The influences of friction coefficient, extrusion velocity, and different channel angles on effective strain, damage factor, and the load on the die were analyzed. The results indicate that, with the increasing of friction coefficient, effective strain is enhanced. The extrusion velocity has little effect on the uniformity of effective strain; in contrast it has large influence on the damage factor. Thus smaller extrusion rate is more appropriate. Under the condition of different channel angles, the larger one results in the lower effective strain magnitude and better strain distribution uniformity.

In this paper we apply the theory of large deviations to a random exchange economy. Two types of the observations, namely partial observation and full observation, and their consequences on our a posteriori knowledge about the equilibrium are discussed. A random exchange economy with economic sectors is used as an example.

TiAl-based alloys containing high content of Nb are significantly promising for hightemperature structural applications in aerospace and automotive industries, due to their low density, excellent high temperature strength, high resistance to oxidization and creep resistance. However, poor hot workability limits their extensive applications. Owing to sufficient number of independent slip system, small deformation resistance, apt to plastic forming of disordered bcc β phase at elevated temperature, the novel β-γ TiAl with high content of Nb alloys exhibit excellent hot deformability. The quasi isothermal forging process of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y alloy is investigated by using a Deform-3D software. The effective stress, effective strain, temperature distribution of the alloy are analyzed. In order to obtain the critical damage factor of the alloy under the condition of 1150 £ and strain rate 5×10 −2 s −1 , the hot compression physical simulation experiment of the alloy is performed to achieve true stress-strain data. By inputting these data into the Deform-3D software to simulate the true compression process, the critical damage factor is obtained. The results demonstrate that with increase of strain rate, the temperature loss becomes less obvious, the effective stress and the maximum effective strain rises up, the deformation uniformity ratio decreases and the deformation becomes more uniform. Combined with the simulation and experiment results, the critical damage factor of the β-γ TiAl alloy containing high content of Nb is 0.206 during the quasi isothermal forging process at 1150 £ and strain rate 5×10 −2 s −1 .

The as-cast microstructures, hot deformation behaviors and asdeformed microstructures of P-y TiAl alloys containing high niobium and various p stabilizing elements Mn, Cr, Mo and V were investigated. It is found that the increasing addition of Cr and Mo elements contributes to the continuous decrease of flow stress. On the contrary, with increasing the amount of V content, the flow stress enhances. In the Mn content addition range 0.5~2.0at%, the alloy with 1.5%Mn possesses the minimum value of flow stress. The optimum composition for hot working is Ti-44Al-8Nb-1.5Mn-0.2B-0.2Y. The morphology of P phase as well as the amount of P phase plays an important role in controlling the formability of P-y TiAl alloys containing high niobium.