Th17 lymphocyte and its relative cytokines have been shown to play an important role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-17A and IL-17F gene polymorphisms and two main types of AITD, Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Whole blood specimens and clinical data were collected from 508 AITD patients (326 with GD and 182 with HT) and 224 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, respectively. IL-17A (rs2275913, rs8193037, rs3819025) polymorphism was determined using DNA sequencing method and IL-17F/rs763780 polymorphism was assayed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR -RFLP). The results indicated that the frequencies of IL-17F/rs763780 genotypes in patients with GD and HT differed significantly from their controls (P = 0.013 and P = 0.005, respectively); the G allele frequencies were also significantly higher in the patient groups than the control groups (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). For IL-17A/rs2275913 and rs8193037 SNP, no significant difference was observed in patients with either GD or HT compared to the control groups (P>0.05). Interestingly, for rs3819025, the frequency of A allele was lower in patients with GD than controls (P = 0.011). The frequencies of haplotype AGGG and GGGG in patients with GD and HT were significantly higher than in controls (P = 0.012, P = 0.019, P = 0.017 and P = 0.029, respectively). In conclusion, the results indicate that IL-17F/rs763780 polymorphisms may affect the susceptibility to AITD, and IL-17A/rs3819025 SNP is likely a protective factor to GD in the Chinese population.
Soybean is a rich source of protein and oil for humans. It forms a symbiotic association with rhizobia to fix atmospheric nitrogen for its growth and development.Rhizobial type-III effectors act as important signaling molecules in symbiosis.However, they are poorly studied. In this study, mutation of TtsI in Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 reduced nodule numbers and dry weights in SN14 (cultivated soybean) and ZYD00006 (wild soybean). Moreover, it reduced nitrogenase activity in SN14 but not in ZYD00006. Based on the differences in nitrogenase activity between SN14 and ZYD00006 inoculated with HH103 and the TtsI mutant, two conditional quantitative trait loci associated with nitrogenase activity were identified in chromosome segment substitution lines derived from SN14 and ZYD00006.Using transcriptome analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and qRT-PCR, Glyma.13G150000 (GmTNRP1) was identified as a candidate gene in soybean that was associated with nitrogenase activity, along with NopT (a type-III effector). In addition, GmTNRP1 (an LRR-RK family protein located on the cell membrane) was observed to be induced by NopT to negatively regulate nitrogenase activity. In transgenic hairy roots with GmTNRP1 silencing, no significant difference was observed in terms of nitrogenase activity between nodules inoculated with the NopT mutant and those inoculated with HH103 (wild type).However, the nitrogenase activity in the nodules decreased after overexpression of GmTNRP1. SNP located in the GmTNRP1 promoter affected its expression in response to NopT. Haplotype analysis revealed that SN14 belonged to Hap1 and ZYD00006 belonged to Hap2, which explained the different results in the two varieties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a soybean gene associated with a rhizobial type-III effector in the nodules. GmTNRP1 can negatively regulate nitrogenase activity in the nodules. This study enhanced the
In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Glossolepis incisus (Weber 1907 ) (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) was sequenced for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16 529 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and 1 putative control region. The overall base composition of G. incisus is 27.51% for A, 30.04% for C, 16.06% for G, 26.39% for T and showS 91% identities to Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia lacustris. These data will provide useful molecular information for phylogenetic relationships within the family Melanotaeniidae species.
In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia parkinsoni (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome is 16 529 bp in length including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Parkinson's Rainbowfish is 28.1% A, 29.7% C, 15.7% G, 26.5% T and shows 93% identity with Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish, M. lacustris. The complete mitogenome of the Parkinson's Rainbowfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for Rainbowfish phylogeny.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Symphysodon discus Heckel was 16 544 bp in length, consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rRNA genes, and a control region or displacement loop (D-loop). With the exception of 8 tRNAs and ND6 genes, the others were encoded on H-strand. The base composition on H-strand was 30.04% C, 28.39% A, 26.49% T and 15.07% G, exhibiting an A + T rich pattern. The codon usage was consistent with the other vertebrate mitochondrial pattern, i.e. start codon is ATG or GTG and stop codons are TAA, TAG or T- -. Stop codon TAG was only found in the ND6. There were 8 regions of gene overlapped with the length of 26 bp in total and 12 intergenic spacer regions (99 bp in total).
Two maize male sterile mutants were selected from the offspring of four maize inbred lines, which were carried into space by the Shenzhou spaceship 4. Their genetic characteristic and stability was analyzed in present study. Crosses were made between the male sterile plants and fertile plants from the same line, and other inbred lines with normal cytoplasm. The ratios of the sterile plants with the fertile plants in their F1, F2 generations, and their reciprocal backcross generations with the male sterile plants were calculated. The results showed that the characteristic in male sterility was stable in different years, different seasons and different locations, and was inheritable from generation to generation. This male sterile was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. Since no pollens or a few malformed pollens existed in the anther of the sterile plants, it was a completely sterile type.
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