Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been identified to accelerate bone formation. However, detailed mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we found that ESWT promoted osteoblast formation in vitro. Local ESW treatment of femur increased bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, changing the density or frequency of energy, there was no statistical difference in osteogenic differentiation. Therapeutically, local ESW therapy relieved bone loss and increased the number of bone trabecular in a rabbit osteoporosis model and promoted endogenous levels of SMAD2 protein expression. Thus, ESWT may be a potential therapy by promoting osteoblast maturation through TGF-β/SMAD2 pathway.
Purpose Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD) is traditionally used to treat androgenic alopecia (AGA) in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. This study used a network pharmacology approach to elucidate the molecular mechanism governing the effect of THSWD on AGA. Materials and Methods The major active components and their corresponding targets of THSWD were screened. AGA-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differentially expressed genes between AGA patients and healthy individuals. The protein–protein interaction networks of putative targets of THSWD and AGA-related targets were visualized and merged to identify the candidate targets for THSWD against AGA. Gene ontology (GO) biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis for core targets were performed. Finally, the key effective components and core targets screened were verified by molecular docking. Results In this study, 69 compounds and 202 compound targets of THSWD, as well as 1158 disease targets, were screened. Forty-five interactive targets were identified for constructing the “ingredient-targets” network. The functional annotations of target genes were found to be related to oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and hydrogen peroxide. Pathways involved in the treatment of AGA included apoptosis and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. The luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, baicalein, and beta-carotene were identified as the vital active compounds, and AKT1, TP53, JUN, CASP3 and MYC were considered as the core targets. Assessment of molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets had good-binding interactions. Conclusion The results indicated that the effects of THSWD against AGA may be related to anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties of the compounds through the specific biological processes and the related pathways.
Objective: Ankle arthroscope is the preferred tool for ankle surgeons to treat ankle impingement. However, there is no relevant report on how to improve the accuracy of arthroscopic osteotomy through preoperative planning. The aims of this study were to investigate a novel method to obtain the bone morphology in anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement through computed tomography (CT) calculation model, use this method to guide surgical decisionmaking, and compare the postoperative efficacy and actual bone cutting volume with conventional surgery.Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes 32 consecutive cases with anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement by arthroscopy from January 2017 to December 2019. Mimics software was utilized to calculate the bony morphology and measure the volume of the osteophytes by two trained software engineers. The patients were divided into the precise group (n = 15) and the conventional group (n = 17) according to whether obtain and quantify the osteophytes' morphology with CT based calculation model preoperative. All patients were evaluated clinically using visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angle before and after surgery at both 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. We obtained the shape and volume of bone cutting through Boolean calculation. Clinical outcomes and radiological data were compared between the two groups. Results:The VAS score, AOFAS score, active dorsiflexion angle and plantarflexion angle were significantly improved in both groups postoperatively. In comparison of the VAS score, AOFAS score, and active dorsiflexion angle, the precise group were higher than the conventional group in the follow-up at 3 and 12 months postoperatively with statistical difference. The difference between the virtual bone cutting volume and the actual bone cutting volume of the anterior edge of distal tibia in the conventional group and precise group were 244.20 AE 147.66 mm 3 and 76.53 AE 168.51 mm 3 , respectively, there was statistical difference between the two groups (t = À2.927, p = 0.011). Conclusion:Using a novel method of obtaining and quantifying the bony morphology with CT-based calculation model for anterior and posterior ankle bony impingement can help guide surgical decision-making preoperatively and assist precise bone cutting during the operation, which can improve the efficacy and evaluate the accuracy of osteotomy postoperatively.
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