Canine distemper virus (CDV), bearing a close resemblance to measles virus, represents a promising candidate for oncolytic therapy; however, its application and underlying oncolytic mechanisms in canine mammary carcinoma cells remain to be explored. Here, we found that an attenuated canine distemper vaccine strain, CDV‐L, efficiently infected and inhibited the growth of canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma CIPp cells but not MDCK cells in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis of CDV‐L‐infected CIPp cells revealed substantially differentially expressed genes in apoptotic and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Subsequent validations confirmed that CDV‐L‐induced apoptosis of CIPp cells through the caspase‐8 and caspase‐3 pathway. Identification of phosphorylated‐IκBα, phosphorylated‐p65 and the nuclear translocation of p65 confirmed the activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway abrogated CDV‐L‐induced cleaved‐caspase‐3 and cleaved‐PARP. In a CIPp subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, intratumoural injections of CDV‐L significantly restricted tumour growth without apparent pathology, and virus remained localized within the tumour. Taken altogether, these findings indicate that CDV‐L exerts an antitumour effect in CIPp cells, and that apoptosis and the NF‐κB pathway play essential roles in this process.
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of dogs that causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis disease. Here, we describe a rapid method for the construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone (rCPV) of CPV. Feline kidney (F81) cells were transfected with rCPV incorporating an engineered EcoR I site that served as a genetic marker. The rescued virus was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus in its biological properties.
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