We provide a data‐driven macro‐model‐independent stacking technique that migrates 2D prestack multicoverage data into a common‐offset (CO) section. We call this new process the CO common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) stack. It can be viewed as the generalization of the zero‐offset (ZO) CRS stack, by which 2D multicoverage data are stacked into a well‐simulated ZO section. The CO CRS stack formula can be tailored to stack P‐P, S‐S reflections as well as P‐S or S‐P converted reflections. We point out some potential applications of the five kinematic data‐derived attributes obtained by the CO CRS stack for each stack value. These include (i) the determination of the geometrical spreading factor for reflections, which plays an important role in the construction of the true‐amplitude CO section, and (ii) the separation of the diffractions from reflection events. As a by‐product of formulating the CO CRS stack formula, we have also derived a formula to perform a data‐driven prestack time migration.

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Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? α‐blocker tamsulosin in medical expusion therapy was determined to be safe and effective for distal ureteric stones with renal colic. This trial further demonstrates that the tamsulosin in MET is more efficative and more safer than nifedipine for distal ureteric stones with renal colic. OBJECTIVE To determine the comparative efficacy of tamsulosin and nifedipine in medical expulsive therapy (MET) for distal ureteric stones with renal colic. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the comparative efficacy of tamsulosin and nifedipine in MET in a prospective randomized trial of 3189 outpatients from 10 centres in China. Eligible patients randomly received tamsulosin or nifedipine. Efficacies of the two agents in MET were compared at 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall stone‐expulsion rate. Secondary endpoints were stone‐expulsion time, rate of pain relief therapy, mean analgesic consumption for renal colic recurrence, and side‐effects incidence. RESULTS Stone‐expulsion rates in the tamsulosin group (group 1) were greater than those in the nifedipine group (group 2; P < 0.01). There was a significant variation in stone‐expulsion rates and times between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01); with improvements in stone‐expulsion rate and time significantly better in group 1 than in group 2. There was a significant variation in the rate of pain relief therapy for renal colic recurrence between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.01); patients in group 1 required significantly less analgesics than those in group 2 (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in side‐effects incidence between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Administration of tamsulosin and nifedipine in MET was determined to be safe and effective for distal ureteric stones with renal colic. Tamsulosin was significantly better than nifedipine in relieving renal colic and facilitating ureteric stone expulsion.

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h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tWe performed micro-pin-finned surface in pool boiling in microgravity. a b s t r a c tBubble dynamics is an important phenomenon, which basically affects the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient. Nucleate boiling heat transfer of gas-saturated FC-72 on micro-pin-finned surface was experimentally investigated in microgravity environment by utilizing the drop tower facility in Beijing. The dimensions of the silicon chips were 10 mm  10 mm  0.5 mm (length  width  thickness) on which two kinds of micro-pin-fins with the dimensions of 30  30  60 mm 3 , 50  50  120 mm 3 (width  thickness  height, named PF30-60, PF50-120) were fabricated by the dry etching technique. The experimental data were presented for the bubble departure radius on micro-pin-finned surface. Experimental results showed that the bubble detachment radius increases with increasing heat flux, but the traditional force balance model failed to predict the bubble detachment radius on micro-pin-finned surfaces especially at high heat fluxes. Therefore, a new modified model for predicting bubble departure radius on micro-pin-finned surface in microgravity was developed. In this model, both bubble force balance and bubble coalescence are considered as two main factors influencing the size of bubble departure radius, and the predictions agree much better with the experimental data at moderate and high heat fluxes than the force balance model.

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