Chinese medicinal herbs have been used for centuries for During screening of Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of liver diseases. 8 An extract from Phyllanthus activities against hepatitis B virus (HBV), a known pure amarus, one of the commonly used Chinese folk herbs, has compound, osthole, was found to inhibit the secretion of been reported to have a specific effect against HBV. [9][10][11] There-HBV surface antigens in vitro. The secretion of hepatitis fore we initiated screening of Chinese herbs for anti-HBV B surface antigen (HBsAg) in culture medium of MS-G2 activity using an HCC cell line transfected with HBV DNA. hepatitis, affecting at least 300 million people worldwide. HuH-7 cells was performed as described previously. (1.72 kg) was obtained. The residue was partitioned between water and chloroform and the chloroform extract (242 g) was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with gradients of n-hex- Osthole in varying concentrations was dissolved in 10 mg/mL di- Received September 19, 1995; accepted May 10, 1996. methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and added to MS-G2 or HuH-7 cells 4 days fresh medium containing osthole (in DMSO) or DMSO only.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Immunoprecipitation of culture medium showed that
Suppose A and B are normed division algebras, i.e. R, C, H or O, we introduce and study Grassmannians of linear subspaces in (A ⊗ B) n which are complex/Lagrangian/maximal isotropic with respect to natural two tensors on (A ⊗ B) n . We show that every irreducible compact symmetric space must be one of these Grassmannian spaces, possibly up to a finite cover. This gives a simple and uniform description of all compact symmetric spaces. This generalizes the Tits magic square description for simple Lie algebras to compact symmetric spaces.
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