Imaging-guided stimuli-responsive delivery systems based on nanomaterials for cancer theranostics have been recognized as promising alternatives to traditional therapies in clinic. How to integrate multiple response-mediated nanoproperty (i.e., charge, size, or stability) transitions into a cascaded manner to overcome multistage biological barriers which usually demand different and even opposing nanoproperties in each stage is still a challenge. Herein, a multistage and cascaded responsive theranostic nanoplatform for imaging-traceable TRAIL gene precise delivery was prepared by a cleavable PEGylated shell and a fluorescent carbon dot (CD)-based core. The CDs as the core were prefunctionalized with polyethylenimine end-capped disulfide-bond-bearing hyperbranched poly­(amido amine) (HPAP), endowing the CDs with enhanced fluorescent quantum yield (27%), intracellular degradability, and efficient gene delivery capability. The shell was fabricated by dimethylmaleic acid modification of mPEG-PEI600 copolymer and exhibited tumor microenvironment-triggered charge reversal, leading to the shell detachment from the core at the tumor site. The nanoplatform with cascaded responsive property displays prolonged blood circulation time benefiting from PEGylated shielding once being injected into blood, subsequently effective accumulation at tumor tissues from blood induced by the elevated EPR effect resulting from the microenvironment-driven synchronous charge conversion and size shrinkage, and finally controlled gene release in tumor cell cytosol facilitated by glutathione-triggered HPAP degradability. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that such a blood–tissue–cell cascaded responsive nanoplatform not only possessed imaging-trackable tumor-specific delivery ability but also exhibited enhanced and selective antitumor activity through TRAIL-mediated apoptosis as well as excellent biocompatibility. This study provides a multifunctional integration strategy, paving the way for designing novel theranostic nanomedicines on the basis of precision medicine.

As a tradeoff between supercapacitors and batteries, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are designed to deliver high energy density, high power density, and long cycling stability. Owing to the different energy storage mechanisms of capacitor-type cathodes and battery-type anodes, engineering and fabricating LICs with excellent energy density and power density remains a challenge. Herein, to alleviate the mismatch between the anode and cathode, we ingeniously designed a graphene with oxidized-polydopamine coating (LG@DA1) and N,P codoped porous foam structure activated carbon (CPC750) as the battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode, respectively. Using oxidized-polydopamine to stabilize the structure of graphene, increase layer spacing, and modify the surface chemical property, the LG@DA1 anode delivers a maximum capacity of 1100 mAh g–1 as well as good cycling stability. With N,P codoping and a porous foam structure, the CPC750 cathode exhibits a large effective specific surface area and a high specific capacity of 87.5 mAh g–1. In specific, the present LG@DA1//CPC750 LIC showcases a high energy density of 170.6 Wh kg–1 and superior capacity retention of 93.5% after 2000 cycles. The success of the present LIC can be attributed to the structural stability design, surface chemistry regulation, and enhanced utilization of effective active sites of the anode and cathode; thus, this strategy can be applied to improve the performance of LICs.

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With the battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are expected to exhibit both high energy and high power density but suffer from the mismatch of the electrode reaction kinetics and capacity. Herein, to alleviate the mismatch between the two electrodes and synergistically enhance the energy/power density, we design a method of microwave irradiation reduction to prepare graphene-based electrode material (MRPG/CNT) with fast ion/electron pathway. The threedimensional structure of CNT intercalation to graphene inhibits the restacking of graphene sheets and improves the conductivity of the electrode material, resulting a rapid ion and electron diffusion channel. Due to its specific properties, MRPG/CNT materials can be used as both anode and cathode electrodes of LICs at the same time. As anode, MRPG/CNT shows a high capacity of 1200 mAh g −1 as well as high rate performance. As cathode, MRPG/CNT displays a high capacity of 108 mAh g −1 and the capacity retention of 100% after 8000 cycles. Coupling the prelithiated MRPG/CNT anode with MRPG/CNT cathode gives a full-graphene-based symmetric LIC, which achieves a high energy density of 232.6 Wh kg −1 at 226.0 W kg −1 , 111.2 Wh kg −1 at the ultrahigh power density of 45.2 kW kg −1 , and superior capacity retention of 86% after 5000 cycles. The structure design of this electrode provides a new strategy for alleviating the mismatch of LIC electrodes and constructing high-performance symmetrical LICs.

This work investigated the optimization of the 68Ga radiolabeling of the dendritic polylysine-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid conjugate (DGL-NOTA).