Artificial flowers are mainly static objects. If we can make them movable with actuating mechanisms, sensors and controllers, this will make them more lively and entertaining. The aim of this paper is to develop artificial flower ornaments with dynamic, modular, programmable and green-energy characteristics. The dynamically artificial flower ornaments show the performances: bending of stems, blooming of petals, spreading of fragrance and flapping of butterflies. Besides, solar power to simulate photosynthesis (it is just an analogy to actual photosynthesis) will be used to energize the dynamically artificial flower ornaments. Instead of using conventional mechanisms and electromagnetic motor to actuate the flower ornaments, we use shape memory alloy (SMA) as actuators and pulse width modulation (PWM) as drive circuit to avoid complication, lager volume and noise generation of the components. Four types of the SMA actuators are made of SMA wire (Ti50%-Ni45%-Cu5%) with one way shape memory effect and 0.6mm in diameter. The performance of each SMA actuator is evaluated. By using PWM, the SMA actuators have high response time and low energy consumption in acting cycle.
The high chemical activity, low thermal conductivity, and high strength of titanium alloys lead to severe tool wear during cutting. The coating applied to the tool surface insulates the effect of heat and chemical reactions. TiAlSiN coating and AlCrN coating are two representative coatings with excellent properties in TiN-based and CrN-based applications, respectively. Three types of nanocoatings—TiAlSiN monolayer, AlCrN monolayer, and TiAlSiN/AlCrN multilayer—were prepared, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, diffusion properties with titanium alloy, and cutting performance of the coatings were investigated utilizing SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, GD-OES, nanoindentation, and scratching instruments. The hardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion strength of TiAlSiN/AlCrN multilayer coatings are between TiAlSiN monolayer and AlCrN monolayer coatings, which meet the “law of mixtures”. Adhesion strength is the primary condition for cutting applications and should have a minimum threshold value. Ti and N elements are the most significant in the diffusion between coatings and titanium alloys. The nitride coating containing Cr aggravates the loss of N in contact with the titanium alloy. In addition, multilayer structural coatings can lead to more severe diffusion than monolayer coatings due to their inherent interlayer defects. Although diffusion between titanium alloys and coated tools is more severe than with other workpiece materials, the main factor affecting tool cutting life is still the H3/E*2 value determined by the hardness and modulus of elasticity together.
To bridge the gap that exists in the key equipment of the new subsea production control system, the all-electric subsea gate valve actuator, and exploit subsea oil and gas resources with high reliability and safety while saving energy, this paper proposes a novel concept prototype of an all-electric subsea gate valve actuator which has the key functions of a redundant drive, failsafe closing, auxiliary override, position indication, and low-power position holding. It satisfied the electrically-driven requirements of the subsea gate valves and achieved Safety Integrity Level 3. The prototype was developed and tested successfully. The all-electric subsea gate valve actuator is suitable for controlling subsea gate valves with various sizes and rated working pressures to minimize the power consumption for the purpose of keeping the valves open and safely closing them in the event of the electrical failure. An override and position-indicating mechanism is equipped for emergency operation and the visual indication of the status of subsea gate valves.
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