Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF)-C promotes tumorigenesis by allowing lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis, among other actions. RNA interference (RNAi) is a novel technique for suppressing target gene expression and may increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The present study assessed the influence of VEGF-C RNAi on the apoptosis and proliferation of mouse breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. A total of three pairs of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting mouse VEGF-C were designed and synthesized prior to transfection into 4T1 cells via a liposomal approach. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were performed in vitro to analyze VEGF-C expression, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression and 4T1 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Experiments were also conducted in vivo on BALB/c mice with breast cancer. Tumor weight and volume were measured and the number of apoptotic cells in tumor tissues was assessed by a TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemical assays and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the expression of VEGF-C in tumor tissues. The results demonstrated that the three pairs of siRNA, particularly siV2, significantly reduced VEGF-C mRNA and protein levels in 4T1 cells. siV2 was deemed to be the most efficient siRNA and therefore was selected to be used in subsequent experiments. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicated that VEGF-C RNAi significantly decreased cell growth, induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein. Tumor weight and volume in breast cancer in vivo models was reduced by the intratumoral injection of siV2. Antitumor efficacy was associated with decreased VEGF-C expression and increased induction of apoptosis. The present study therefore indicated that VEGF-C RNAi inhibited mouse breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo and that it may be a novel targeted therapy for breast cancer.
Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19 Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 6, 106 (2020); Expert consensus on the procedure of interventional diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic
Clusters. -The new compound [Ni(H 2O)(en)2][WO4]{[Ni6(OH)3(H2O)2(en)3(imi)2](B--PW9O3 4)}·2H2O (imi: imidazole) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NiCl2, Na9[A--PW9O34], imi, en, and H 2O (autoclave, 160 C, 3 d, 56% yield). The samples are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and IR spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2 12121 with Z = 4 and presents a new type of octanuclear heterometallic {Ni6WNi}-substituted spoon-shaped monomeric polyoxometalate where the WO 4 tetrahedron is linked to the triangular {[Ni 6(OH)3(H2O)2(en)3(imi)2](B--PW9O34)} clusters and [Ni(H2O)(en)2] 2+ cations through Ni-O-W linkages. -(LIU, J.-W.; LIU, Y.-C.; HE*, H.; YANG, B.-F.; YANG, G.-Y.; Inorg. Chem. Commun. 53 (2015) 60-63, http://dx.
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