Background: Despite the large volume of research dedicated to health-related behavior change, chronic disease costs continue to rise, thus creating a major public health burden. Health literacy, the ability to seek, understand, and utilize health information, has been identified as an important factor in the course of chronic conditions. Little research has been conducted on the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors and health status in elderly Chinese. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors and health status in China. Methods: The subjects enrolled in this study were selected based on a stratified cluster random sampling design. Information involving >4500 older adults in 44 pension institutions in Urumqi, Changji, Karamay, and Shihezi of Xinjiang between September 2011 and June 2012 was collected. The Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (China Health Education Centre, 2008) and a Scale of the General Status were administered and the information was obtained through face-to-face inquiries by investigators. A total of 1452 respondents met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1452 questionnaires were issued and the valid response rate was 96.14% (1396 of 1452). Factors affecting health literacy and the relationship to health literacy were identified by one-way ANOVA and a multiple linear regression model. Results: The average health literacy level of the elderly in nursing homes was relatively low (71.74 ± 28.35 points). There were significant differences in the health literacy score among the factors of age, gender, race, education level, household income, marital conditions, and former occupation (p < 0.001). The health literacy score was significantly associated with smoking, drinking, physical exercise, and health examination (p < 0.001). The elderly with higher health literacy scores were significantly less likely to have risky behaviors (smoking, regular drinking, and lack of physical exercise), and in turn significantly more likely to undergo health examinations regularly, report good self-rated health, and significantly more likely to access sufficient health information from multiple sources (p < 0.001). No differences were noted between the health literacy score and BMI (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the independent influencing factors of health literacy included education level, race, former occupation, household income, age, physical exercise, health examination, smoking, and health information access (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Health literacy was significantly associated with health-related behaviors in elderly Chinese. Further longitudinal studies are needed to help confirm that improving health literacy in the elderly may be effective in changing health-related behaviors. To reduce risky habits, educational interventions to improve health literacy should be simultaneously conducted in health promotion work.

Abstract. Transition metal-catalyzed direct C−H bond functionalization of aliphatic amines is of great importance in organic and medicinal chemistry research. While several methods have been developed for the direct sp 3 C−H functionalization of secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines, site-selective functionalization of primary aliphatic amines remains a challenge. Here we report the direct highly siteselective arylation of primary alkylamines via a palladium-catalyzed C−H bond functionalization process on unactivated sp 3 carbons with catalytic glyoxylic acid as a novel, inexpensive, and transient directing group. With this approach, a wide array of γ-arylated primary alkylamines, important structural motifs in organic and medicinal chemistry, were prepared without any protection or deprotection steps.Aliphatic amines are ubiquitously present in pharmaceuticals with a wide range of biological activities 1,2 .

Tremendous demands for electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and reliability, fast response and excellent selectivity have stimulated intensive research on developing versatile materials with ultrahigh electrocatalytic activity. Here we report flexible and self-supported microelectrodes with a seamless solid/nanoporous gold/cobalt oxide hybrid structure for electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. As a result of synergistic electrocatalytic activity of the gold skeleton and cobalt oxide nanoparticles towards glucose oxidation, amperometric glucose biosensors based on the hybrid microelectrodes exhibit multi-linear detection ranges with ultrahigh sensitivities at a low potential of 0.26 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The sensitivity up to 12.5 mA mM À 1 cm À 2 with a short response time of less than 1 s gives rise to ultralow detection limit of 5 nM. The outstanding performance originates from a novel nanoarchitecture in which the cobalt oxide nanoparticles are incorporated into pore channels of the seamless solid/nanoporous Au microwires, providing excellent electronic/ionic conductivity and mass transport for the enhanced electrocatalysis.

This paper describes a highly enantioselective metal-free hydrogenation of imines using chiral dienes as "ligands" for the generation of catalysts with HB(C6F5)2 by hydroboration in situ to furnish a variety of chiral amines with up to 89% ee, which provides a practical strategy for the development of novel chiral frustrated Lewis pairs for asymmetric hydrogenation.

The direct arylation of aliphatic aldehydes has been established via Pd-catalyzed sp C-H bond functionalization in the presence of 3-aminopropanoic acids as transient directing groups. The reaction showed excellent functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity in which a predominant preference for functionalizing unactivated β-C-H bonds of methyl groups over others was achieved. In addition, C-H bonds of unactivated secondary sp carbons can also be functionalized. The extreme popularity and importance of aliphatic aldehydes would result in broad applications of this novel method in organic chemistry and medicinal sciences.

No abstract

A metal-free direct hydrogenation of pyridines was successfully realized by using homogeneous borane catalysts generated from alkenes and HB(C6F5)2 via in situ hydroboration. The reaction affords a broad range of piperidines in high yields with excellent cis stereoselectivities.

Pure single‐crystalline Na1.1V3O7.9 nanobelts are successfully synthesized for the first time via a facile yet effective strategy. When used as cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries, the novel nanobelts exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Given the ease and effectiveness of the synthesis route as well as the very promising electrochemical performance, the results obtained may be extended to other next‐generation cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries.