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Although dielectric energy-storing devices are frequently used in high voltage level, the fast growing on the portable and wearable electronics have been increasing the demand on the energy-storing devices at finite electric field strength. This paper proposes an approach on enhancing energy density under low electric field through compositionally inducing tricriticality in Ba(Ti,Sn)O3 ferroelectric material system with enlarged dielectric response. The optimal dielectric permittivity at tricritical point can reach to εr = 5.4 × 104, and the associated energy density goes to around 30 mJ/cm3 at the electric field of 10 kV/cm, which exceeds most of the selected ferroelectric materials at the same field strength. The microstructure nature for such a tricritical behavior shows polarization inhomogeneity in nanometeric scale, which indicates a large polarizability under external electric field. Further phenomenological Landau modeling suggests that large dielectric permittivity and energy density can be ascribed to the vanishing of energy barrier for polarization altering caused by tricriticality. Our results may shed light on developing energy-storing dielectrics with large permittivity and energy density at low electric field.

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Aim:This study aims to identify the role that spiritual climate has in reducing burnout and intentions to leave amongst clinical nurses.Background: Both shortages and the high turnover of nurses are challenging problems worldwide. Enhancing the spiritual climate amongst nurses can enhance teamwork, organisational commitment and job satisfaction and can play a role in reducing burnout and turnover intention. Methods:A total of 207 clinical nurses working at a tertiary university hospital were included in this cross-sectional, single-site study. Independent-samples t test and ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to explore the relationships amongst related factors. Results:Most clinical departments showed a moderate spiritual climate (60.24 ± 0.82) with high job burnout (33.62 ± 0.28) and turnover intention (2.37 ± 0.57). A good spiritual climate was correlated with high job satisfaction (r = 0.412, p < 0.01), low burnout and turnover intention (r = −0.423, p < 0.01 and r = −0.292, p < 0.01, respectively). Spiritual climate could also indirectly influence nurses' job burnout and turnover intention (R 2 = 10.31%). Conclusions: Different departments have different spiritual climates. The findings from this study indicate that spiritual climate may impact nursing burnout and turnover. Implications for nursing management: Using a spiritual climate scale provides health care decision-makers with clear information about staff spirituality wellbeing. Interventions to improve spiritual climate can benefit teamwork in clinical departments. K E Y W O R D S burnout, job satisfaction, nurses, spiritual climate, spirituality, turnover intention