The platform consists of three modules, which are pre‐configured bioinformatic pipelines, cloud toolsets, and online omics' courses. The pre‐configured bioinformatic pipelines not only combine analytic tools for metagenomics, genomes, transcriptome, proteomics and metabolomics, but also provide users with powerful and convenient interactive analysis reports, which allow them to analyze and mine data independently. As a useful supplement to the bioinformatics pipelines, a wide range of cloud toolsets can further meet the needs of users for daily biological data processing, statistics, and visualization. The rich online courses of multi‐omics also provide a state‐of‐art platform to researchers in interactive communication and knowledge sharing.
Whether tobacco carcinogens enable exposed cells immune escape resulting in carcinogenesis, and why patients who smoke respond better to immunotherapies than non-smokers, remains poorly understood. Here we report that cigarette smoke and the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induce PD-L1 expression on lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, which is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Anti-PD-L1 antibody or deficiency in
AhR
significantly suppresses BaP-induced lung cancer. In 37 patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, 13/16 (81.3%) patients who achieve partial response or stable disease express high levels of AhR, whereas 12/16 (75%) patients with progression disease exhibit low levels of AhR in tumor tissues. AhR inhibitors exert significant antitumor activity and synergize with anti-PD-L1 antibody in lung cancer mouse models. These results demonstrate that tobacco smoke enables lung epithelial cells to escape from adaptive immunity to promote tumorigenesis, and AhR predicts the response to immunotherapy and represents an attractive therapeutic target.
The three-marker RT-PCR assay can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of CTC detection compared to singlemarker assay. Detection of three-marker-positive CTCs was associated with relapse and might have important predictive and prognostic implications in early breast cancer.
Dysregulation of microRNA plays critical roles in various malignancies. However, whether the aberrant expression of miR-215 in breast cancer is associated with malignancy, metastasis, or prognosis remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the relative level of miR-215 expression was lower in cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-malignant tissues (p < 0.001). Low-miR-215 expression was observed to be closely correlated with higher tumor grade (p = 0.008), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity (p = 0.006), HER2 positive breast cancer subtype (p = 0.016), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.039). Moreover, patients with low-miR-215 expression showed shorter 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) than the high-miR-215 expression group (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis results revealed that miR-215 downexpression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for DSS in addition to tumor size, ER, and lymph node metastasis. Our results support the potential of miR-215 as a prognostic predictor for breast cancer with its high expression in cancer tissues and its relationship with other clinicopathologic factors and survival.
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