Related to human health, a myriad of viruses and microorganisms are adhered on the surfaces of the aerosols and may cause disease to spread widely through the respiratory tract (Chen et al., 2015;Huffman et al., 2013;Joung et al., 2017). It is also one of the main routes of transmission for COVID-19, which has taken a huge toll on the global human existence and economy in recent years (Bale et al., 2022;Firle et al., 2022;Le et al., 2021). An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of aerosols generation and transport are critical to stopping the transmission of respiratory diseases like COVID-19.Traditional theories hold that, windblown dust and sea salt from sea spray are the chief sources of environmental aerosol (Fuchs, 1989;Lighthart & Mohr, 1994; Ruzer & Harley, 2012). In recent years, a new mechanisms of aerosols generation reported by Joung (2015) shows that aerosols can be produced from raindrops impacting on porous surfaces. When raindrops impact on porous surfaces such as soil and clay, bubbles will form in the droplets and then burst, leading to the generation of aerosols (Figure 1a). These aerosols are considered as a mainly
Sand drift erosion is common on aeolian landforms, particularly in the Gobi desert where sand drift is often quite strong. Sand drift erosion can lead to many types of hazards, including severe crop loss, structural damage to buildings or infrastructure, and abrasion of soil or clay components that contribute to the production of fine particulate matter. This article combines the Gobi sand flow model with the solid particles erosion model to simulate the sand drift erosion process in a variety of Gobi environments. The results show that the impact erosion of saltation particles is highly dependent on both the friction velocity and the gravel coverage. Saltation erosion amount increases with the increment of friction velocity and the gravel coverage. The vertical profile of saltating erosion rate displays a clear stratification pattern composed of a linear increasing layer, a damage layer, and a monotonic decreasing layer. The maximum value of the saltation erosion rate increases as the friction velocity increases and their curve shows a power-law relationship. The damage height caused by saltation erosion is primarily concentrated in the height range of 0.03 m to 0.15 m, and it increases approximately linearly with friction velocity.
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