Laryngopharyngeal reflux might play a role as an etiologic factor in Reinke's edema and vocal polyps.

Irrespective of preservation of the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve, sensory deficit improved over time. Therefore, preservation of the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve might not be necessary during parotidectomy.

Acoustic parameters can be used as indicators of treatment efficacy for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

In the revision ESS group, soft tissue and bone remodeling may be greater than in the primary ESS group.

Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a rare disease that presents with a complex of symptoms, including ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and visual loss. Due to the poor prognosis, making a prompt diagnosis and administering the appropriate treatment must be initiated without delay if OAS is suspected. We report here on a case of a patient with sphenoid fungal balls, and he presented with acute visual loss and ophthalmoplegia.