Most cortical interneurons are generated in the subpallial ganglionic eminences and migrate tangentially to their final destinations in the neocortex. Within the cortex, interneurons follow mainly stereotype routes in the subventricular zone/intermediate zone (SVZ/IZ) and in the marginal zone. It has been suggested that interactions between invading interneurons and locally generated projection neurons are implicated in the temporal and spatial regulation of the invasion process. However, so far experimental evidence for such interactions is lacking.We show here that the chemokine stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1; CXCL12) is expressed in the main invasion route for cortical interneurons in the SVZ/IZ. Most SDF-1-positive cells are proliferating and express the homeodomain transcription factors Cux1 and Cux2. Using MASH-1 mutant mice in concert with the interneuron marker DLX, we exclude that interneurons themselves produce the chemokine in an autocrine manner. We conclude that the SDF-1-expressing cell population represents the precursors of projection neurons during their transition and amplification in the SVZ/IZ. Using mice lacking the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 or Pax6, we demonstrate that SDF-1 expression in the cortical SVZ/IZ is essential for recognition of this pathway by interneurons. These results represent the first evidence for a molecular interaction between precursors of projection neurons and invading interneurons during corticogenesis.
The removal of the metal ions in the ceramic printing wastewater was influenced by using, stirring and precipitating of the solution pH, coagulant PAC, coagulant aid PAM and heavy metal scavenger. This experiment investigated the removal effect of the metal ions in the wastewater under different conditions. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted for the determination of the concentration of metal ions in the wastewater. The studies have shown that alkalization, PAC coagulation treatment have a role in the removal of metal ions in the ceramic printing wastewater. And the chromium and iron removal rate can reached 74.0% and 61.6% respectively. Heavy metal scavenger also have a better role in the removal of metal ions. And the chromium and iron removal rates were 82.3% and 76.2% respectively without dosing PAC. The number of reaction cell has no significant effect on the removal of metal ions.
The stability of tailing dams has recently become a hot issue on the engineering, and geo-synthetics curing processing applications are widely used. The influence of the tailings dam stability of geo-textile grid by calculating and analyzing with numerical simulation is studied. It reveals the mechanical behavior and the inherent law of the dam under different physical properties and different conditions of geo-grid. The force of reinforcement and the change law of ultimate load under different working conditions are systematically simulated by FLAC, and then analyze the formation process of sensitivity and fracture plane that influenced the ultimate load. The result shows: The failure surface is not such concentrated after joining the geo-textile grid and the safety factor increases 60%. The stability of the dam structure of tailing dam is effectively improved. Research has provided the basis for the structure stability of tailings dam's designing.
We looked at our HIV + slow progressors cohort to determine if there were any human leukocyte antigen (HLA) correlates for protection. No statistically significant allelic differences were found between the HIV + and control cohorts using regression analysis, though trends were noted. Data for Elite Controllers showed an increased frequency of B*57. Likewise, no correlation was inferred with the clinical data of the HIV + cohort. We hypothesize that the protective effect of HLA alleles may have been lost over time.
Preserved production is caused by wastewater pollution which has become a serious environmental problem in chaoshan district of one. Through the research KangHui group Chao’an cool fruit factory integrated nature of emissions from wastewater integrated wastewater, treat preserved fruits wastewater with activated sludge. In order to strengthen the cultivation of acclimation wastewater treatment, domestication was studied the best training domesticated aeration time. Experiments show that: The best treatment of preserved fruits wastewater is Acclimation of 38 h, and the wastewater CODcr removal rate reached 98.0%, then the effluent CODcr can be reduced in the 95 mg/L or so. Activated sludge treatment cool fruit production waste water, the training domesticated aeration and h of wastewater treatment after best effect.
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