The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of simultaneous correction of the hard- and soft-tissue facial asymmetry with face lift procedure using a resorbable fixation device (Endotine Ribbon; Coapt Systems, Palo Alto, CA) during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in cases with severe facial asymmetry. The samples consisted of 8 patients (mean age, 23.3 [SD, 4.4] years; 8 skeletal class III and 2 class II malocclusion) who received bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and a face lift procedure using a resorbable fixation device. Preoperative cephalometric evaluation of the maxillary occlusal plane cant and chin point deviation and data on surgical movement, site, time, and difficulty of face lift procedure were collected at 1 week before operation and during operation procedure. The amounts of lip cant between preoperation and postoperation were compared. Pain, stability of fixation, adverse effects, relapse, and patients' and surgeon's satisfaction were evaluated at 6 months after operation. Initial and final amounts of the lip cant were 4.15 (SD, 0.53) and 0.80 (SD, 0.48) mm (correction rate, 76.8%). The face lift procedure took 28.4 (SD, 3.3) minutes without difficulty. There were no severe complications such as hematoma, facial nerve injury, and postoperative scar. By the patients' and surgeon's view, all had satisfactory jowl elevation, lip canting correction, and achievement of the soft-tissue symmetry without evidence of recurrent asymmetry or loss of fixation. If the face lift procedure using a resorbable fixation device is done with proper vector control during orthognathic surgery, the hard- and soft-tissue facial asymmetry can be corrected simultaneously with satisfactory outcomes.
The objectives of this study were to examine litter, decomposition, net mineralization and microclimate by two leguminous species planted for the restoration of degraded area. The total annual litter fall in A. mangium site was 11.44±0.59 (mean ± standard error) t ha -1 yr -1 and A. auriculiformis site was 8.72±0.57 t ha -1 yr -1 . Decomposition constant (k) of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis were 1.27 and 1.12, respectively. Seasonal variation of net mineralization was pronounced, with peak values occurring in September at Acacia plantation site. Grassland showed higher air temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature as well as a larger variation per hour in these parameters compared to the Acacia plantations. The highest air temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature were measured in April during the dry season. These results showed that planting Acacia improved site qualities (litter fall, decomposition, and net mineralization) and microclimate factors (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) and decreased the variation rate of these factors in the study sites. Therefore, this study suggests that this type of plantation is efficient in improving site qualities.
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