Biocompatibility and resistance to biodeterioration of materials has been studied using various approaches, including the analysis of various markers of exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. The possible release of trace elements during orthodontic treatment and their potential toxicity to patients have been an increasing concern. The wide range of appliances routinely used during orthodontic treatment is typically made of alloys which may contain cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, and titanium, of which the major concern is nickel. Nickel concentrations in humans undergoing orthodontic treatment have been assessed in many investigations, although few have specifically examined urine specimens. Urinary nickel concentrations can reflect systemic levels in whole organisms, and as a non-invasive means of study, urine analysis can easily achieve the compliance of participants and guardians. In addition, the predominant metabolic route of nickel is through the kidneys. Therefore, urinary samples are seen as a good indicator for monitoring trace metals released from orthodontic appliances. According to the literature, metal ions are released only in the initial stage of the treatment. Thus, the duration of our study was limited to the first 6 months of treatment. Since urinary nickel levels of adolescents in the initial period of fixed orthodontic treatment are being investigated and reported for the first time in this paper, the aim of our study is to quantitatively evaluate urinary nickel levels and further to summarize the dynamic metabolic regularity of systemic nickel for adolescents in the initial period of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Objective: To observe the effect of a fixed appliance with maxillary protraction in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion, and to analyze soft and hard tissue variations. Material and methods: The study consisted of 78 cases with concave profile of skeletal Class III malocclusion, including 44 males and 34 females (aged 8-15years, mean 13.7years). According to the dental age, all cases were divided into four categories: Group A (n=14, mixed dentition); Group B (n=40, early permanent dentition, without mandibular second molar eruption); Group C (n=26, early permanent dentition, with mandibular second molars' eruption) ; and Group D (n=24, permanent dentition). Cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs were taken before treatment, while other cephalometric radiographs were taken after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by software using SPSS 17.0. Results: The maxillary sagittal variation could be significantly affected by growth (ANSPtm) and forward movement of the maxilla (A-y, ANS-y). The direction of mandibular growth had been changed after treatment. The profile of soft tissue had also been remodeled. Conclusion: A fixed appliance with maxillary protraction was effective for patients with skeletal III malocclusion. The appliance could stimulate maxillary growth and inhibit mandibular protrusion in mixed dentition, early permanent dentition and some permanent dentition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.