In order to reveal the status of typhoon landfall in China coastal areas, the coastal areas and frequency of typhoon landing were compared with the statistical analysis in the paper for nearly 50 years; combined with the wind pressure of low-rise buildings under typhoon in China's coastal, structures damage of low-rise buildings were investigated. The results show that, the southwest coast of Guangdong landfall the largest number of typhoon landing, while the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang have larger number of strong typhoons; turbulence great impact on surface air pressure; It was also found that the high suction pressure zones occurred around the windward roof edges at a wind azimuth of 450,and wind pressure along the roof corner just behind the roof ridge. The results of the present study are expected to be useful for the future development of a simple approximate formula for the low-rise buildings of the coastal area for design use.
The frictionless contact problem between an axisymmetric rigid indenter and a layered transversely isotropic medium with surface stresses is considered. The contact pressure is represented as a product of two series based on the solutions of the bulk material and the elastic surface. By using Hankel transforms, the coefficients in the product-series representation are determined by the normal displacement condition inside the contact area and the finite-pressure condition at the contact edge. Taking the spherical indentation as a specific example, the effectiveness of the solution procedure is verified for various contact scenarios. Comparing with the Green’s function method, this solution procedure is not only computationally efficient but also may give the contact pressure in its analytical form. For some specific problems, the effects of the material anisotropy and the layer thickness on the contact process with surface stresses are investigated.
Wind tunnel test of 1:500 rigid model of tall building with atrium was carried out. Based on the experimental results, characteristics of wind pressures on atrium facades and wind loads on the structure were investigated in detail. The results show that the formation of flow separation on the building top plays a critical role in the generation of wind pressures on the atrium facades. Meanwhile, wind pressure coefficient distributions on the atrium facades are found to be relatively uniform. Moreover, the horizontal and vertical correlations of pressure coefficient exhibit high at most locations on atrium facades. With the increasing of the opening ratio, the mean wind pressure coefficients first decreased and then stabilized, and the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients first decreased and then increased. A design guideline for the wind-resistant design of atrium facades was proposed, and the results predicted by the proposed guideline were in good agreement with those from the wind tunnel tests, indicating that the proposed guideline can be used in engineering applications. When the opening ratio is no more than 5.33%, the effect of the facade pressures within the atrium on the wind loads on the structure can be ignored. For such cases, the wind-resistant design for a tall building with atrium can refer to that of a similar shape tall building without atrium.
Asphalt aging is a pivotal factor affecting the service performance of asphalt pavement. Previous studies often ignored the influence of ultraviolet radiation on asphalt aging. Coincidentally, there is no standard test method of photooxidation aging that can be applied to guide engineering practice. In this paper, the influence of ultraviolet aging on the composition, structure and properties of asphalt was studied by adopting Bert four-component method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy aned dynamic shear rheometer. Bert four-component method elaborates that the content of asphaltene increases and the content of aromatic component decreases after UV aging. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that there are obvious peaks of carbonyl and sulfoxide groups after aging, the penetration of asphalt decreases while the softening point and viscosity increase. Moreover, the composite modulus of asphalt increases obviously at low temperature, but has little effect on the composite modulus at high temperature.
In this paper, flatwise tensile test (FWT) and modified double cantilever beam (DCB) experiment were conducted to investigated the debond fracture of sandwich plate with corrugated core. In the experiment, the crack always stays at the face/core interfacial. Tensile bond strength of face core can be given from the flatwise tensile test and we can get the mode I fracture toughness GIC from DCB tests. It is found that the trends of curves change greatly at the beginning, with the propagation of crack, load against open displacement curves change smoothly. In order to simulate the face/core failure of sandwich plate with corrugated core, the cohesive element model is used. Tensile strength and strain energy release rate measured by the experiments presented in this paper are used in as parameters for simulation of the debond fracture. By comparing with the experiment results, the model can express the face/core failure of sandwich plate with corrugated core validly.
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