BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop analytical method for picoxystrobin in agricultural commodities using GC/ECD and GC/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Each steps of analytical method were optimized for determining picoxystrobin residues in various agricultural commodities. The developed methods include acetone extraction, n-hexane/saline water partition and florisil column chromatography for analysis of all samples (apple, potato, green pepper, hulled rice and soybean), and in addition to these steps, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for analysis of green pepper and n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was used for analysis of hulled rice and soybean. The instrumental conditions were tested for quantitation in GC/ECD and for confirmation in GC/MS. Recovery was in the range of 86∼109% with RSD ≤10.2% and the quantitation limits (LOQ) of method were 0.025 mg/kg in all agricultural commodities. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the developed method can be used to determine picoxystrobin residue in agricultural commodities.
Acute toxicity, water resolvability and short term reproduction test on Japanese medaka (Oriyzias latipes) for evaluating alachlor susceptibility to endocrine system were studied. Alachlor is known for suspected endocrine distruptors. As the results of tests, LC 50 (Median lethal concentration) was determined as 2.36 (1.994~2.805) mg/L, and test water replaced at 7 day intervals as its water resolvability was less than 20% in 7 days. The short term reproduction tests on Japanese medaka (Oriyzias latipes) were performed with a solvent control group, a treated group (alachlor concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.11, 0.27, 0.68 ppm) and a positive control group (17 β estradiol, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 ppb). The number of spawning and embryo rates were declined in a alachlor-dose dependent manner, and the number of unfertilized eggs rates were in contrast increased depending on the concentrations. Further study should be needed to confirm whether the adverse effects may be effected by the concentrations. Additionally, alachlor was evaluated as a non-vitellogenin by the result of a test of significance of the vitellogenin content test for determination of the effect of estrogen among the endocrine disruptors.
Key words Alachlor, short term reproduction test, vitellogenin
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