Plagiocephaly has traditionally been corrected by unilateral or bilateral frontal bone advancement or rotation using bone-molding forceps and distraction devices. Complete symmetrical correction of deformed frontal bones is considered almost impossible because the curvature of each frontal bone varies. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring the optimal curvature of frontal and occipital bones using a plaster skull model and applying these measurements to ''switch'' them for simultaneous correction of frontal and occipital plagiocephaly. A 2-year-old girl suffering from unifrontal flattening visited our clinic. Unilateral coronal synostosis was observed. The 3-D rapid prototype model and skull replica method using thin paper clay were used for preplanned virtual surgery. The triangular bone was harvested from the contralateral bulging side of the occipital bone (''occipitofrontal switching'') for the best optimal curvature in the affected frontal bone. Another triangular bone was harvested from the ipsilateral flattened side of the frontal bone, and bones were switched with each other. Further bending of the frontal or occipital segment was not necessary for optimal curvature. Symmetrical correction was made by switching the triangular bone of the frontal area with that of the contralateral occipital area. Revision has not been necessary, and infection was not observed at 1-year follow-up. Our novel technique of preplanning surgery using a 3-D plaster model for simultaneous correction of frontal and occipital plagiocephaly is effective and time-saving.
This study applied close-range digital photogrammetry to measure deformation of reinforced-soil wall as the passed time. We proposed to utilize the photogrammetric-board to determine 3D coordinates and compute exterior orientation parameters from the images without measuring control points. The displacements by the proposed method are compared with those of the Total-station. As results, measuring errors was within 5cm, and the deformation was not occurred in the 3 months. The proposed method using the photogrammetric-board therefore can be utilized to measure deformation of the reinforced-soil wall. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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