We have theoretically studied the designable quantum beamsplitter of single photons interacting with the two-level quantum dot placed in the node of a Y-type waveguide on the basis of the real-space approach. We showed that splitting of incoming single photons from one quantum channel to the others could be achieved by controlling the coupling strength of two-level quantum dot with waveguide, detuning between the quantum dot and the incoming single photon, and so on. Such quantum devices based on the controllable single photon transport behave as quantum beamsplitter at the single photon level, which provides us rich ways of configuration of important elements for the practical realization of the quantum information network.
We present a novel lens model, to the best of our knowledge, that
redistributes the light flux from an LED and generates the required
shape of illumination. A cylindrical lens is widely applied as a
condensing optical element in non-imaging optical systems. In this
work, a light guide is introduced into the design of a cylindrical
lens. Different from the universal cylindrical lens, this one is
divided into a light guide surface and a cylindrical surface. The
light guide surface leads rays from an LED to a cylindrical surface,
making it possible to decrease substantially the width of the lens in
comparison with a universal cylindrical lens. That is, the lens model
acts as a light guide to lead light rays in the transversal direction
and acts as a cylindrical lens in the longitudinal direction. This
lens is much easier and more economical to design and manufacture in
comparison with conventional cylindrical surface lenses or freeform
surface lenses used to produce elongated irradiance distribution. The
simulation run by the optical software LightTools shows that the lens
designed in the new method has a much smaller size than the
conventional cylindrical lens, and the uniformity of illumination and
efficiency of energy are also quite good. Results show that the
efficiency of an elongated lighting area reaches 83.3%.
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