Abstract-Wheelchairs are devices designed to help with the transportation of people in motor disability condition; are elements used by patients of different ages, weights, heights and diseases. However, most have the same problem as the chassis and postural support elements are fixed which creates several problems: poor posture, overruns to suit the measurements of each person, deformation in the column and in the case of growing children, wheelchair chance not comply with the new measures. In this Project, works in the design of a chassis and the postural support elements of a wheelchair for children in motor disability condition in their lower extremities. The design was developed considering the state of the art of wheelchairs, anthropometric measures of Colombian population of children 5 to 9 years, determining functional requirements (needs) of users, using design methodologies of product, generating design proposals, performing mechanical calculations, mathematical analysis of loads and stresses supported by the chassis and accessories, by the finite element method and through a dynamic simulation of the operation of the device using Autodesk Inventor software. It got to the design of an adjustable chassis width, height and depth, and their postural support elements: headrests, armrests, trunk support, leg supports, footrests, graduating to position and provide body support the user and he reached the conclusion is that design is not only functional for the construction of more ergonomic and functional wheelchairs but also serves as medical or orthopedic custom tool prescription wheelchair.
Currently, the direct observation method is used to assess the movement of horses; however, this method is limited, totally subjective, and many details of the musculoskeletal system functionality cannot be detected and evaluated because they are not perceptible to the naked eye. This study aimed at developing a mathematical model that calculates, plots, and simulates the 2D angular movement of some horse joints. The horse musculoskeletal system was modeled as a mechanical system of rigid bodies articulated by 15 simple joints. The mathematical solution of the mechanism was obtained from the standpoint of inverse kinematics (flat) liabilities. We constructed 15 link equations, associating the body segments of the system in movement with an inertia base, and used the mathematical optimization method based on the least squares calculation. We obtained kinematic curves of the main joints, as well as the trajectories (height) of the markers on fore and hind coronary band (hoofs), and a simulation of the mechanical system. This tool removes subjectivity and enables veterinarians to observe, evaluate (qualitatively and quantitatively), diagnose, and investigate different phenomena of the horse gait. ResumenActualmente, el método de observación directa se utiliza para evaluar el movimiento de los caballos; sin embargo, este método es limitado dado que es totalmente subjetivo y muchos detalles de la funcionalidad del sistema músculo-esquelético no pueden ser detectados y evaluados, debido a que no son perceptibles a simple vista. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un modelo matemático que permita calcular, graficar y simular el movimiento angular, en dos dimensiones, de algunas articulaciones de los caballos. El aparato locomotor del caballo fue modelado como un sistema mecánico de cuerpos rígidos articulados por 15 juntas simples. La solución matemática del mecanismo se hizo desde el punto de vista del pasivo de la cinemática inversa (plana); se Two-Dimensional Kinematics of Horses at Trot Through Videiomatry and Mathematical Modelingconstruyeron 15 ecuaciones de cadena, asociando los segmentos corporales del sistema en movimiento con la base inercial, y fue utilizado el método de optimización matemática basada en el cálculo de los mínimos cuadrados.En este estudio se obtuvieron las curvas cinemáticas de las principales articulaciones, las trayectorias (altura) de los marcadores sobre las bandas coronarias trasera y delantera (cascos) y una simulación del sistema mecánico. Esta herramienta elimina la subjetividad y permite a los veterinarios observar, evaluar (cualitativa y cuantitativamente), diagnosticar e investigar sobre diferentes fenómenos de la marcha de los caballos.Palabras clave: Cinemática angular; Cinemática inversa; Marcha quina; Modelo matemático; Videometría. ResumoAtualmente, o método de observação direta utiliza-se para avaliar o movimento dos cavalos; porém, este método é limitado já que é totalmente subjetivo e muitos detalhes da funcionalidade do sistema músculo-esquelét...
En este trabajo se describe el desarrollo y el uso de un nuevo sistema de análisis de movimiento para investigar y evaluar la cinemática 2D de la marcha equina, el cual utiliza un software de captura de movimiento, unos cálculos matemáticos y una interfaz gráfica diseñada para evaluar el modelo locomotor de los caballos. A partir de secuencias de vídeo de la marcha equina, registradas por cámaras de alta velocidad, se obtienen las coordenadas (x, y) a través de software TEMA 3.0; luego, se calculan variables cinemáticas, tales como longitud de los segmentos corporales, ángulos de las articulaciones, trayectorias de cada marcador y curvas de flexión-extensión de las articulaciones, y con la interfaz gráfica desarrollada en el software Mathematica se genera una simulación 2D del movimiento de los caballos. Esta herramienta tiene como objetivo ayudar a investigar y evaluar la marcha equina y analizarla de forma objetiva (cualitativa y cuantitativa), aunque se puede utilizar en diferentes campos de análisis de la marcha. Se elimina la subjetividad del diagnóstico realizado por los veterinarios y permite hacer diferentes análisis, evaluaciones, investigaciones y el seguimiento de la marcha equina.
The objective of this project is based on the design and manufacture of a mechanism for a didactic product, awakening the interest of those who have affinity to horses and their skills. It is intended for people between 20 and 50 years old. Ergonomic, functional, use, aesthetic, structural and mechanical aspects were taken into account. In addition, the mechanisms were verified through the Working Model and SolidWorks software, with their corresponding static and kinematic calculations of the mechanism. The purpose of the project was to design a toy in the shape of a racecourse where there were two horses in competition, these displacements being generated by a crank movement exercised by the user, which was determined by kinematic calculations with the use of polar coordinates, finally we developed a prototype in scale 1-1 where we observed the speed of movement, the trajectory and the time it takes to carry out the activity. We conclude that for the development of competitiveness it is necessary to use a train of gears, which allowed the reduction of speed and the linear movement of the horse
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