Microalgae biomass can be a feasible source of ω‐3 fatty acids due to its stable and reliable composition. In the present study, the Crypthecodinium cohnii growth and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3) production in a 100 L glucose‐fed batch fermentation was evaluated. The lipid compounds were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) from C. cohnii CCMP 316 biomas, was and their fatty acid composition was analysed. Supercritical fluid extraction runs were performed at temperatures of 313 and 323 K and pressures of 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 MPa. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 30.0 MPa and 323 K. Under those conditions, almost 50% of the total oil contained in the raw material was extracted after 3 h and the DHA composition attained 72% w/w of total fatty acids. The high DHA percentage of total fatty acids obtained by SC‐CO2 suggested that this extraction method may be suitable for the production of C. cohnii value added products directed towards pharmaceutical purposes. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the remaining lipid fraction from the residual biomass with lower content in polyunsaturated fatty acids could be adequate for further uses as feedstock for biodiesel, contributing to the economy of the overall process suggesting an integrated biorefinery approach.

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An apparatus consisting of an equilibrium cell connected to two vibrating tube densimeters and two syringe pumps was used to measure the saturated phase densities of CO2 + H2O at temperatures from (293 to 450) K and pressures up to 64 MPa, with estimated average standard uncertainties of 1.5 kg·m -3 for the CO2-rich phase and 1.0 kg·m -3 for the aqueous phase. The densimeters were housed in the same thermostat as the equilibrium cell and were calibrated in-situ using pure water, CO2 and helium. Following mixing, samples of each saturated phase were displaced sequentially at constant pressure from the equilibrium cell into the vibrating tube densimeters connected to the top (CO2-rich phase) and bottom (aqueous phase) of the cell. The aqueous phase densities are predicted to within 3 kg·m -3 using empirical models for the phase compositions and partial molar volumes of each . The density of the CO2-rich phase was always within about 8 kg·m -3 of the density for pure CO2 at the same pressure and temperature; the differences were most positive near the critical density, and became negative at temperatures above about 373 K and pressures below about 10 MPa. For this phase, the multi-parameter EOS of Gernert and Span describes the measured densities to within 5 kg·m -3, whereas the computationally-efficient cubic EOS model of Spycher and Pruess [Transport in Porous Media 2010, 82, 173-196], commonly used in simulations of subsurface CO2 sequestration, deviates from the experimental data by a maximum of about 3 kg·m -3.

Understanding the thermophysical properties for mixtures of CO2 and hydrocarbons at reservoir conditions is very important for the correct design and optimization of CO2-enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage in depleted oil or gas fields. In this paper, we present a comprehensive thermodynamic study of the prototype system (CO2 + n-heptane) comprising highly-accurate measurements of the saturated-phase densities, compressed-fluid densities, and bubble and dew points at temperatures from 283 K to 473 K and pressures up to 68 MPa over the full range of composition. We use these results to examine the predictive capability of two leading thermodynamic models: the Predictive Peng-Robinson (PPR-78) equation of state and a version of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory for potentials of the Mie form, known as SAFT-γ Mie. Both of these models use group contribution approaches to estimate interaction parameters and can be applied to complex multi-component systems. The comparison shows that both approaches are reliable for the phase behavior. Neither model is entirely satisfactory for density, with each exhibiting absolute average relative deviations (AARD) from the experimental data of about 4 % for the saturated-phase densities and 2 % for the compressed-fluid densities; however, SAFT-γ Mie is found to be much more accurate than PPR-78 for the compressibility, with an overall AARD of 6 % compared with 18 % for PPR-78.

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We report speeds of sound in n-pentane measured using two similar apparatuses, located at Ruhr University Bochum (RUB) and Imperial College London (ICL), covering different ranges of temperature and pressure. At RUB, measurements were conducted at temperatures from (233.50 to 353.20) K with pressures up to 20 MPa, while temperatures from (263.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up to 390 MPa were covered at ICL. Accounting for the uncertainties in temperature, pressure, path-length calibration, and pulse timing, the relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) in the speed of sound varied from 0.015% to 0.18% over the whole region investigated.Nevertheless, small differences averaging at 0.13% are found between the two data sets in the region of overlap. The experimental data reported in this work have been partly used in the development of a new fundamental equation of state for n-pentane.