The manuscript presents results of research conducted with the aim of analyzing the association of geographic areas and risk factors of violence to women occurred in the state of Yucatan during 1997-2014, by reviewing statistics and other sources. Variables domestic violence, sex crimes and homicides and femicides association and risk according to the degree of marginalization, town size and percentage of population analyzed Maya. The main findings of the research show the presence of violence in 49 of the 106 municipalities. Association found the urban condition in cases of domestic violence, sexual offenses, homicide, and femicide, while for domestic violence it was obtained that the condition of Maya speakers is a risk factor. The geospatial distribution shows areas of high violence mostly in the south and east of the state. Some municipalities' rates for homicide and domestic violence, are higher compared to the national and state average rates recorded. It is concluded that information management has been the key to catalog the state as low gender violence and that the results presented here show the presence of large geographical areas of high risk for the lives of women, which requires your attention of inter-sectoral public policy.
Adolescence constitutes a stage of changes and strong social pressures among peers, to adjust to a standard of beauty in which the perception of body image is of great relevance in comprehensive health behaviors as well as a risk factor for eating disorders. Regarding problem that is our interest to know (Body Image), we use a gender focuses, as the transversal analytical axis of the study, as well as the study of a region with a strong presence of Maya-speakers. Methodology: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted on 1432 high school students in the eastern part of the state of Yucatan, using a self-administered questionnaire (BSQ and SFS scales), with the prior informed consent of parents and participants. Results: It was obtained that 66.5% of the students are satisfied with their body image, and 32.7% are dissatisfied. It was obtained by means of the Kappa index that the perceptions of the body image of the studied students vs the desired body image have a moderate concordance. Significant differences on mean on dissatisfaction with their image were found between men and women p ≤ 0.001. Conclusions: In the area studied it is shown that gender constitutes a risk factor in which the condition of being the social pressure to adjust to beauty models, impacts regardless of the rural, urban or local culture, in this case of the Mayan zone.
La duración del sueño y su calidad en la población ha sido de gran interés en la última década. Ha habido informes de la disminución en la duración del sueño y paralela a esta disminución, la prevalencia de la obesidad ha aumentado, esto ha sido demostrado por varios estudios que han encontrado asociación entre las dos condiciones. Estos estudios se han realizado, en su mayoría, en países desarrollados. Estudio transversal realizado en 80 estudiantes de medicina. Se aplicó el Índice de calidad del sueño de Pitsburgh, evaluación de peso y talla y cálculo de índice de masa corporal. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre IMC, duración del sueño y calidad del sueño. Sin embargo, el 45.7% presentó sobrepeso/obesidad, el 86% dormía menos de las horas adecuadas y 65% tenía mala calidad del sueño. El déficit de sueño podría volverse crónico en los siguientes años de la licenciatura y contribuir al incremento de la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad.
This study analyzes the relationship between self-esteem, in secondary school students, mainly of rural origin, with the ethnic condition, taken into consideration for this purpose the use of the language, in which we compare the Mayan speakers and non-Mayan speakers of a region of Yucatan, Mexico, in men and women. Quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a simple random sample of 1452 Yucatan high school students, by means of a selfadministered questionnaire. The main results are that 22% of the population has a low self-esteem level, with significant differences by age (p = 0.028) and in negative self-esteem score in the variable Maya-speaker and not Mayaspeaker (p = 0.023). There were also differences between the condition of rural and urban. The prevention and care of mental health in adolescence must take into account the peculiarities of cultural contexts and gender determinants, to strengthen the autonomy and self-esteem of new generations, educational programs based on studies that take into account the determinants social gender and ethnicity, now blurred before the global communication processes.
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