This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) of mothers with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) beyond one month from starting breastfeeding, and to identify factors associated with BSE. Method: This was a longitudinal observational study. Using self-reported questionnaires, BSE and potentially relevant factors of mothers with infants in the NICU were measured at two time points: 3-7 days and one month after starting breastfeeding. We analyzed the relevant factors with models: cross-sectional association and prediction of BSE at the second time point; using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 97 mothers were included in this analysis. The factors that affect BSE beyond one month after starting breastfeeding were the mother's age (partial regression coefficient: B =-.34, p = .048), primipara (B =-4.56, p = .005), perception of insufficient milk (PIM; B = 1.63, p < .001) and sense of coherence (SOC; B = .33, p = .029). The factors predicting BSE were PIM (B = 1.19, p < .001) and SOC (B = .75, p < .001) at 3-7 days after starting breastfeeding. Conclusion: This study found that PIM and SOC predicted BSE of mothers with infants in the NICU between 3-7 days and one month after starting breastfeeding.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a text messaging intervention that offered pregnancy and childbirth support. Participants included 39 primigravid women who were less than 12 weeks pregnant. Text messages were sent twice weekly to the intervention group from week 13 of pregnancy until childbirth. Outcome measures were anxiety levels, lifestyle in the month before birth, pre-birth weight, pregnancy complications, delivery complications, birth weight, thoughts regarding the text messages, and the frequency of viewing of the text messages. For the item "I engage in body stretching," the average value in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group. For the item "I have regular bowel movements," the average value in the intervention group was significantly lower. Most participants reported that the intervention was at least somewhat useful. This study indicates that text messaging intervention is practical and can be used to support numerous pregnant women simultaneously at a relatively low cost. Since this is a study pilot trial, large-scale studies are necessary to improve the method and allow for the generalization of the results.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Postnatal Women Version of Japanese-language version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-J-PWV) at one month after childbirth among Japanese women.Methods: Data were collected at two general hospital maternity wards and one obstetric clinic in Aichi Prefecture from July to December 2013. A total of 260 postnatal Japanese women participated in this study. The women completed anonymous self-report questionnaires at one month postpartum. To examine the construct validity of the IES-R-J-PWV, we conducted exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation. We evaluated the criterion-related validity of the IES-R-J-PWV using Spearman's correlation coefficients between IES-R-J scores and scale scores from the Japanese Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (JEPDS), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) instrument.Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the IES-R-J-PWV was composed of four factors. The total subscale scores for the four factors significantly correlated with each subscale score. The IES-R-J-PWV was positively correlated with the JEPDS (rs = 0.40, p < 0.01) and the VAS (rs = 0.47, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the SOC-13 (rs = -0.33, p < 0.01). The IES-R-J-PWV had good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.92. Conclusions:The results of this study indicated that the IES-R-J-PWV was a valid and acceptable instrument for measuring and evaluating postnatal posttraumatic stress symptoms related to childbirth among Japanese women at one month after childbirth.
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