In order to evaluate performance of on-site treatment facilities which can be provided for environment protection in coastal areas, effluent qualities and removal efficiencies were surveyed in actual treatment facilities for wastewater from households, hotels and restaurants. On-site treatment facilities in Japan are fundamentally built according to the structural standards. They have a pretreatment process (sedimentation separation tank, anaerobic filter or equalization tank with screens) followed by an aerobic process (contact aeration, activated sludge, etc.). Small-scale facilities for individual household wastewater showed good performance of BOD removal with their effluent BOD below 20mg 1−1. They also exhibited nitrogen removal efficiency when they were operated in mixed liquor recycle mode. The facilities applied to wastewater from hotels, restaurants and stores showed good performance when the influent oil (hexane extracts) concentration had been decreased below 30mg 1−1 by using pretreatment. Nitrogen removal performance was high in the facilities which treated wastewater from a residential area or a condominium when they were operated in intermittent aeration mode. But resort condominiums of which influent BOD load was extremely low showed low performance of nitrogen removal even though they were operated in intermittent aeration mode because of the low BOD/N ratio in the influent. An equation was proposed to estimate the amount of methanol to be added in facilities in which the influent BOD/N ratio is low.
In order to identify the domain within Photosystem II complexes that functions in the evolution of oxygen, we performed limited proteolysis with lysylendopeptidase of the core complex of Photosystem II which had been depleted of the extrinsic 33-kDa protein (Mn-stabilizing protein). The cleavage sites were estimated from the amino-terminal sequences of the degradation fragments, their apparent molecular masses and amino-acid compositions. Under certain conditions, the D2 protein was cleaved at Lys13; and a chlorophyll a-binding protein, CP 47, was cleaved at Lys227 and Lys389. Another chlorophyll a-binding protein, CP 43, was degraded more rapidly than CP 47. The oxygen-evolving activity and the capacity for rebinding of the 33-kDa protein to the core complex of Photosystem II decreased in parallel, with kinetics very similar to those of the cleavage of CP 47 at Lys389. These observations strongly suggest that the hydrophilic domain around Lys389 of CP 47, which are located on the lumenal side, is important in the binding of the 33-kDa protein and in maintaining the oxygen-evolving activity of the Photosystem II complex.
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