Background: Olfactory function in vascular dementia has not been extensively investigated to date. We studied olfactory function in vascular dementia (VD) and dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). Methods: We studied olfactory functioning in 12 patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer's type, 11 patients with vascular dementia and 30 normal subjects. For these subjects we examined a 12-item version of the Pennsylvania smell identification test and mini-mental state examinations. These three groups were matched for age, sex and educational level. Results: Although the dementia scores were comparable in the DAT and VD groups, the smell identifications were low in DAT patients compared with VD patients and normal control subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that the smell identification test may be useful in differential diagnosis between DAT and VD patients
We investigated the premorbid behavioral characters of demented patients in terms of life style, type A behavior, life events and coping behavior. We adopted the case control study. Significant differences were not found in the inventory scores of life style, passive coping behavior and type A behavior between dementia group and normal controls. However, the life events occurred significantly frequent in the vascular dementia group and the score of positive coping behavior was significantly low in dementia group. The results suggest that those life events and positive coping behavior might be related to the onset of dementia.
Background: Memory is profoundly impaired in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). However, the study of priming, which is thought to be implicit memory, is relatively scarce in DAT. In Japan there is only one study, which investigated repetition priming in DAT and the relationship between the severity of dementia and repetition priming in DAT has never been examined. Therefore, we studied repetition priming in patients with various severity of DAT from the standpoint of familiarity of words. Method: A new repetition priming task, which is constructed of 3 syllable Japanese Kana nouns and which contains high familiarity words and low familiarity words according to Chihara was used for an implicit memory task. The task was carried out by normal controls and patients with DAT. Each group was matched by age, sex, and educational level. Results: A clear repetition priming effect was found among the control and dementia groups both in low and high familiarity words. The priming effects of a high familiarity task demonstrated no statistical differences among the control and dementia group. However, the priming effect of the low familiarity task in the severe dementia group was revealed to be significantly low compared with that of the control group (p
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