The
first enantioselective Pictet–Spengler reaction of acyclic
α-ketoesters with tryptamines has been developed. Excellent
yields and enantioselectivity were obtained for the reaction using
chiral imidazoline-phosphoric acid catalysts. Density functional theory
calculations suggested possible transition states that explain the
origin of chiral induction. This process provides an efficient route
for the synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives.
To meet the desired demand for qualified nurses in healthcare facilities, we should (i) develop more supportive working environment for nurses with preschool children, such as more flexible working time and shifts; (ii) encourage the employment of higher educated nurses by reforming compensation scheme, as well as reconsidering of the standard of skill-mix; and (iii) redevelop training programme for returners with more practical contents.
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