Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main health problems in unindustrialized countries. According to the International Diabetes Federation report, adults living with diabetes were growing from time to time globally. Worldwide, diabetes mellitus accounts for 8.8% (424.9 million) morbidity and 4 million deaths. Ethiopia is one of the countries frequently affected by the disease with about 2.567 million (5.2%) of its population affected with diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adult population in Hawassa Zuria Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 15, 2019 among 519 adult population. A study participant was selected using a multistage sampling technique. We had employed the World Health Organization (WHO) stepwise method for non-communicable disease surveillance to collect the data. Fasting glucose meter was used from venous blood to test for blood glucose level. EPI info was used to enter and clean the data and the data were transported to SPSS for analysis. To assess associated factors with diabetes mellitus adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was employed and p.value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 516 participants were included in the study. The diabetes mellitus prevalence was found to be 12.4% (95% CI: 9.5-15.2). Factors associated with diabetes mellitus were being obese [AOR=9.2, 95% CI:4.3, 19.8], hypertensive (AOR=3.8, 95% CI:1.75, 8.4), cigarette smoking (AOR=7.8, 95% CI: 3.45, 18.1) and high waist circumference (AOR=25, 95% CI:8.5, 79). Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be high, which was greater than the estimated national prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking and high waist circumference were determinant factors for diabetes mellitus. Appropriate actions such as creating community awareness on regular blood sugar testing and preventive measures are recommended.

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) introduction has sharply decreased mortality and morbidity rates among HIV-infected patients and resulted in longer and healthier lives among people living with HIV. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the level of consistent condom use and associated factors among ART users in Hawassa City. Methods Cross-sectional study design triangulated with qualitative phenomenology was used. One hospital and one health center were selected by simple random sampling and proportional to size allocation was used to assign participants to each health facility. Accordingly, 358 study subjects were selected. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to implicate significant factors. Thematic content analysis was used and narrative report writing with a quote was used to present qualitative data. Results The prevalence of consistent condom utilization in this study was 51.4%. Sex (AOR= 4.20, 95% CI: 2.386, 7.41), residence (AOR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.99) educational status (AOR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.196, 0.946), perception on ART’s does not reduction of HIV transmission (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.43), rate of counseling (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.84) and use condom to prevent pregnancy (AOR=4.53, 95% CI: 2.11, 9.73) were found to be independent predictors of consistent condom utilization among ART users. Refusal by husbands, decrement in satisfaction, gender difference with more women than men willing to use consistently and religious reasons were factors associated with inconsistent condom utilization in the qualitative study. Conclusion and Recommendation Consistent condom utilization among ART users was low. Sex, residence, educational status, perception towards ART were significantly associated with consistent condom utilization. Moreover, husband refusal, religious reason, decrement in satisfaction on the qualitative study were associated with non-consistent use of a condom. The importance of consistent condom use should be well addressed in HIV/AIDS patients, to prevent transmission and multiple infections of HIV.