Introduction: Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) is one of the maxillofacial bone fracture treatment procedures. Post-surgical pain is generally assessed by Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Objective: To obtain information about pain characteristics in post-ORIF patients based on NRS. Methods: This study is an observational study with a retrospective descriptive approach. The research was conducted at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) Bandung in January 2018 - December 2019 based on medical record data. The data collected included age, gender, fracture area, diagnosis, duration of surgery, number of plates and screws, pre-surgical and post-surgical pain based on NRS, pain intensity measured every 8 hours postoperatively for 24 hours. Results: In this study, 65 medical records were obtained. The most frequent characteristics of the subjects were young adults aged 17-30 years (56.92%) and males (86.15%). The most frequent fracture locations were the mandible area (48.67%) and the most frequently performed surgery was at the mandibular area (60.46%). Regarding the duration of the surgery, most of the surgeries lasted for 61-120 minutes (32.30%) with the most used plates were plates (1-10 holes) and plates (11-20) holes, both having the same percentage (38.46%), and the most frequently used screw was screw (1-10) (49.23%). The most frequently used analgesics was Ketorolac (87.69%) and The NRS pain scale for ORIF was a mild type of surgery with an NRS scale of 1-3. The mean of pre-ORIF surgery patients showed a mild pain intensity with a percentage of 92.30% and postoperatively resulted in mild pain with a percentage of 95.38%. Conclusion: Characteristics of pain based on NRS in maxillofacial trauma patients treated with ORIF indicate mild pain and could be the result of the influence of analgesic drugs or subjective assessments, therefore, further research is needed to obtain a more precise assessment of the pain.
Introduction: Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of fatty tissue with uncertain pathogenesis but post-traumatic is believed to be one of the contributing factors. Lipomas are rarely seen in the oral cavity and most commonly in the proximal area of the extremities. Most of the oral lipomas are less than 3 cm in size and show no symptoms. The buccal mucosa is the most common predilection area in the oral cavity. The purpose of this case report is to describe the characteristics and treatment of post-traumatic lipomas in the oral cavity. Case report: A 12-year-old boy patient presented with a complaint on the right cheek. Three years earlier, the patient had a history of trauma to his right cheek but there was not any sign. The patient complained that the lump was getting bigger in the last 2 years with a size of 4x3x2 cm3 and was not accompanied by pain, then the patient was treated with a biopsy excision and the results of Anatomical Pathology (AP) showed the patient has a lipoma. Post evaluation after 12 months showed no surgical complications and recurrence. Conclusion: Post-traumatic lipoma is a rare disorder in the oral cavity. Clinical, radiological examination, AP examination, and adequate surgical therapy showed a postoperative good result. It is expected that this case report can be used as an additional reference in the case of oral lipoma.
Objective Acute pain is one of the most common pains experienced by post-cleft lip or cleft surgery patients regardless of the administration of analgesic agents. This current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a curcumin patch as an adjuvant analgesic agent on the post-cleft lip and cleft palate surgery patients. Materials and Methods Fifty-five (33 male; 22 female) participants aged 36 months or less are recruited in this pragmatic trial and randomly assigned to a control group, where no curcumin patch was applied; or the experimental group, where the participants wore a curcumin patch with a dosage of 100mg. All participants (regardless of the group) received a standardized postsurgery analgesic agent immediately after the surgery was completed. A face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) scale was used to evaluate pain levels for three subsequent time points. Statistical Analysis All data were then analyzed by using the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the mean differences between the two groups. Results The results of the current study revealed that there was no significant difference found between the control and the experimental group when mean pain scores were compared for the first evaluation time. Yet, there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between the two groups' mean pain scores on the second evaluation time. Conclusion Curcumin patch was found to be effective when used as an adjuvant analgesic agent to reduce acute-orofacial postsurgery pain in cleft lip and cleft surgery patients.
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