QLE which has the working substance of a quantum system, a single particle confined in a one-dimensional potential box, has been constructed theoretically in this paper. The quantum system replaces the role of the classical system which has a working substance in the form of gas confined in a piston cylinder. The piston that moves back and forth is substituted by a 1D potential box wall that can move freely to change the width of the potential box. In this way, the three classical thermodynamic processes in the CLE (Classical Lenoir Engine), namely isochoric, isotherm, and isobar, can be analogous to the quantum system. Finally, we find that the thermal efficiency formulation of QLE has the similarity of shape to the CLE efficiency equation. However, a higher ratio of specific heat for QLE makes the efficiency value greater than CLE at each same compression ratio.
Lenoir engine based on the quantum system has been studied theoretically to increase the thermal efficiency of the ideal gas. The quantum system used is a single particle (as a working fluid instead of gas in a piston tube) in a one-dimensional infinite potential well with a wall that is free to move. The analogy of the appropriate variables between classical and quantum systems makes the three processes for the classical Lenoir engine applicable to the quantum system. The thermal efficiency of the quantum Lenoir engine is found to have the same formulation as the classical one. The higher heat capacity ratio in the quantum system increases the thermal efficiency of the quantum Lenoir engine by 56.29% over the classical version at the same compression ratio of 4.41.
IntisariTelah dihitung efisiensi mesin Carnot kuantum berbasis partikel dua tingkat di dalam kotak potensial takhingga satu dimensi. Hasilnya hanya bergantung pada rasio volume selama proses adiabatik.KATA KUNCI: mesin Carnot kuantum, kotak potensial dan efisiensi
I. PENDAHULUANMesin panas termodinamika klasik mengkonversi energi panas menjadi kerja mekanik dengan sistem mekanika klasik yang mana gas berekspansi dan menekan piston di dalam silinder. Mesin panas ini memperoleh energinya dari tandon panas temperatur tinggi, beberapa bagian energi yang diambil dikonversi menjadi energi mekanik. Mesin panas tidak efisien secara sempurna yaitu beberapa bagian energi yang diambil dari tandon panas tidak dikonversi ke energi mekanik melainkan ditransfer ke tandon temperatur rendah. Mesin panas klasik yang bekerja antara tandon temperatur tinggi dan tandon temperatur rendah mencapai efisiensi maksimum jika mesin terbalikkan (reversibel). Sementara tidak mungkin membuat mesin panas yang terbalikkan secara sempurna, tahun 1824 Carnot mengajukan model matematis dari mesin panas ideal yang tidak hanya terbalikkan melainkan juga membentuk siklus. Mesin Carnot terdiri dari silinder berisi gas ideal yang ditempatkan dalam keadaan kontak termal bergantian dengan tandon temperatur tinggi T H dan temperatur rendah T C [1]. Efisiensi dari mesin panas didefinisikan sebagai berikut: Jika sejumlah energi Q H yang diambil dari tandon temperatur tinggi dan sejumlah kerja mekanik W dihasilkan, maka efisiensi η dari mesin panas didefinisikan sebagai Syarat batas di kedua ujung kotak yang disebabkan oleh ketakbrhinggaan potensial di kedua ujung kotak adalah ϕ (0) = c Jurusan Fisika FMIPA ITS
Currently, the heat engine needs to be miniaturized to increase its thermal efficiency. In this theoretical study, the symmetrical potential box containing one particle with one of its walls moving freely is analogous to a cylinder with a piston. The potential box contains a massless Boson particle, while the piston-cylinder contains a monatomic ideal gas. The form of Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine (QMBE) thermal efficiency formulation has similarities to the classical version of the Brayton engine. However, the efficiency value of QMBE with a massless Boson particle is higher than the classic version because the heat capacity ratio of the Boson particle working fluid is 2, while the monatomic ideal gas is 5/3.
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