The laundry business sector is expanding quickly nowadays. However, the laundry industry is still dealing with the issue of processing detergent wastewater. Anaerobic and aerobic bioreactors may efficiently solve this problem. This narrative review aims to assess the feasibility of using anaerobic and aerobic bioreactors for detergent wastewater treatment. Its advantages and disadvantages and the idea of combining multi-media filtration and UV light in detergent wastewater treatment using an aerobic and aerobic bioreactor. The anaerobic bioreactor can reduce chemical and biological oxygen demand to 89.8 % and 94.0 %, respectively. At the same time, aerobic bioreactors can reduce chemical and biological oxygen demand to 99.1% and 71%, respectively. However, some challenges still need to be addressed to make anaerobic ad aerobic bioreactors can be implemented. Suspended solid production, dissolved methane, and temperature-dependent effectiveness are challenges that must be solved. Multi-media filtration can reduce suspended solids and provide ion exchange, while UV light kills excess microorganisms from the bioreactor.
This study was conducted to produce biodiesel from a mixture of 5 different oils i.e, palm oil, used cooking oil, soybean oil, canola oil, and sunflower oil, through transesterification under mole ratio variations of oil: methanol. The oils were mixed at a total volume of 300 mL with the same amount of each oil used. The transesterification of blended oils was conducted at 60°C for 1 h, and the mole ratios of oil: methanol were set to 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:12, and 1:15. The results demonstrated that the mole ratios of 1:6 resulted in the highest yield of 92.99% with the conversion of 99.58% mass. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) results showed that all mole variations had a methyl ester percentage of more than 98% area. The FTIR analysis revealed peaks that indicated the presence of a methyl ester functional group and its long-chain (-R) for all variations. The methyl ester content, Density, acid value, and total glycerol test parameters were in accordance with the quality standards of ASTM D 6751, EN 14214, and SNI 7182-2015. Therefore, multi-feedstock biodiesel suitable for industrial-scale applications was successfully produced in this study.
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