Chest physiotherapy is safe in preterm neonates. Suctioning causes significant cardio-respiratory parameter changes, but within normal physiological range. Thus, chest physiotherapy should be performed with continuous monitoring only when indicated and not as a routine procedure. More research is needed to study the long term effects of chest physical therapy.
Background: The glucose oxidase method used for determining the blood glucose concentration is time consuming, requires more quantity of blood and rapid glycolysis of red blood cells glucose which mandates early estimation using faster techniques. A blood glucose method requiring one drop of blood and giving reliable results within a minute would help greatly in identifying and treating the infants who require extra carbohydrate. Glucometers have the advantage of being simpler, uses less quantity of blood, quick reading and can be handled even by unskilled personnel. Hence, there is a need to know the efficacy and accuracy of glucometer used in our set up.Methods: About 150 infants admitted in NICU and high risk neonates in post-natal ward in department of pediatrics at our Hospital from June 2014 to June 2015 were included in the study. The blood samples were collected immediately after birth or within 5 minutes of admission. Comparison of variables representing categorical data (between two markers) were estimated by Chi Square Test. Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Values of Glucometer were calculated by using formulas. All values will be reported based on two-sided and all the statistical tests were interpreted at 5% level of significance level (i.e. p <0.05).Results: After the comparison between glucometer and laboratory method, results show that blood glucose estimation using capillary blood has an excellent pick-up rate of detecting neonatal hypoglycemia. More than 93% of the proven cases of hypoglycemia proved by lab method] were diagnosed when blood glucose estimation with glucometer was done. The overall pick-up rate of hypoglycemia by glucometer is very good compared to the laboratory method.Conclusions: Blood glucose estimation using Glucometer method is an effective method in detecting neonatal hypoglycemia.
Background:Neonates and infants with hypomagnesemia present with seizures and psychomotor delay.Objectives:The present study evaluated the changes in magnesium (Mg) levels and factors associated with these in the first three days of life.Materials and Methods:We monitored 50 clinically asymptomatic neonates; they were not given any magnesium supplements even if they had hypomagnesemia at baseline. The variables analysed were: serum Mg; gestational age; birth weight; length; and the ponderal index. We used random effects (RE) models for longitudinal analysis of these data.Results:The mean standard deviation (SD) gestational age was 36.3 (3.6) weeks and the mean (SD) weight was 2604.2 (754.4) grams. About 31% of the neonates had hypomagnesemia (< 1.6 mg/dL) on day one; however, all had normal magnesium levels by day three of life (P < 0.001). At birth, after adjusting for intrauterine growth retardation status (IUGR), serum Mg levels were lower by 0.0097 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.019 to -0.0003) per 100 grams increase in weight of the neonate. After adjusting for IUGR status, the mean increase in the serum Mg levels was 0.14 mg/dL (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.10 to 0.18) per day. The per-day increase in magnesium levels was significantly higher in low birth weight babies (0.10, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18) compared with normal birth weight babies.Conclusions:Asymptomatic neonates may have a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia; however, the levels become normal without any magnesium supplementation. Even though regular monitoring of magnesium levels is useful, no supplements are required - particularly in clinically asymptomatic neonates.
Background: Late preterm babies, born between 34 completed weeks of gestation through 36 weeks 6/7 gestation, tend to be physiologically less mature than term infants, subjecting them to an increased risk of developing various morbidities. Limited information is available regarding the current scenario in India. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand and compare the early morbidities in late preterm newborns with those in full term babies in a tertiary hospital in India.Methods: The current prospective, observational study consisted of total 150 babies divided into two groups equally; late preterm neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation and full-term neonates. Weight (at birth, at 72 hours), heart rate, temperature and respiratory parameters were noted of all babies. The newborns were examined for respiratory morbidities, ability to breastfeed, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, neonatal jaundice and signs of sepsis. The need for resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and parenteral nutrition was also assessed. Data was expressed as mean±SD and was analyzed using the Student ‘t’ and Mann Whitney U tests.Results: The mean length and weight at birth in late preterm babies was significantly lesser than term newborns. Late preterm babies were found to have significantly higher incidence of complications like hyperbilirubinemia (62.7% vs 13.3%), respiratory morbidities (16% vs 4%), poor feeding, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and sepsis compared to term newborns (p<0.01).Conclusions: Late preterm infants are at a higher risk than term infants for a number of neonatal complications. Initiatives imparting special care to late preterm infants are required in order to lower the morbidities endured by this population.
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