World experiences reveal that catastrophic floods are posing a serious threat that comes not only from them as extreme events but also as the result of adaptation measures uncertainty, (i.e. dikes). In particularly old dikes constructed earliest at the north part of Albania, during the last floods demonstrated the high uncertainty and weak spots. In this paper, the significance of the seepage investigation and stability analysis are discussed. As a case study, parts of new dikes constructed last years along the Buna River located in north part of Albania are investigated. Filling materials for these dikes are represented mostly from silt and clay. Finite element method is used to perform seepage analysis while general limit equilibrium method is used to perform slope stability analysis. Both, seepage and slope stability analyses are done for three different scenarios: steady state, rapid filling, and rapid drawdown. Finally, it is concluded that silt-clay material used in these dike structure is posing serious uncertainty during seepage phenomenon by threatening the stability of entire dike structure especially during the transient condition (rapid filling and drawdown).
Abstract. This paper describes landslides and slope stability evaluation in the urban area of Kruja, Albania. Kruja is a historical and heritage center, due to the existence of many important cultural monuments, including "Skanderbeg" castle and Bazaar square, etc. The urban area of Kruja has been affected by landslide effects, in the past and also the present. From this phenomenon many engineering objects such as buildings, roads, etc., are damaged and demolished. From engineering geological mapping at scale 1 : 5000 it is observed that many active landslides have dramatically increased in activity since the 1980s. The landslide types found in the studied area are earthslides, debris flow, as well as rockfall and rock rolling. Also, from field works and laboratory analysis, the slope stability of the whole urban area has been determined; for this purpose the studied zone is divided into stable and unstable areas, which helps to better understand mass movement activity as one of the most harmful hazards of geodynamic phenomena.
In this paper it is briefly described the landslide hazard zonation before and after the construction of the Milot-Kukës motorway, Albania. The studied area is a mountains zone with extremely complicated morphological and geological framework, characterized by steep slopes, intensively fractured and highly to completely weathered rocks. Due to intensive excavations done during its construction, many of the slopes are destabilized and nowadays, have become unstable. During and after the rainfalls, on both sides of the motorway, several landslides such as earth slide debris flow, rock falls and rocks slides have occurred and have increased the risk due to natural hazards. For this reason, the motorway’s area is analyzed in terms of landslide hazard zonation by using the high-resolution satellite imagery and factors data in a GIS environment. During 2015-2017, a 1:10000 scale engineering geological map is compiled and was used to identify the landslides location, lithological characteristic, slope features, geotechnical conditions and land use situations. As a result, the studied area was divided into five categories from very low to very high-risk zones. Moreover, based on the analysis results of the landslide hazard zonation before the motorway’s construction, it was concluded that the excavation works had a considerable influence in increase of hazard level, particularly on the instability of the slopes.
Industrial wastes in Albania belong to four main groups: i) wastes from the industrial hot spots, ii) wastes from the old chemical storages, Hi) wastes from mining and ore processing and iiii) wastes from present and future industries. The landfill for hazardous waste is intended as a facility to enable the clean-up of old mostly abandoned industrial sites (the hot spots and other sites), storages of obsolete chemicals and treat and dispose of hazardous waste presently generated in Albanian industry. The technical design of the landfill was anticipated by complex geological study including the geological, geophysical, geotechnical and hydrogeological surveys. All the above surveys aimed to find the best clay terrains with suitable geotechnical and hydrogeological features for the landfill design
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