Long delays still occur in patients with esophageal cancer. A few months delay before final treatment of esophageal cancer may have an impact on the stage of the cancer, and thereby on the patients' prognosis. Shorting the delay may result in early detection of esophageal cancer.
It suggested that both CCRT and SCRT with capecitabine and cisplatin are tolerable and effective for elderly patients with locally advanced ESCC. Concurrent CRT might be superior to SCRT.
Structured light beams have rapidly advanced over the past few years, from specific spatial-transverse/longitudinal structure to tailored spatiotemporal structure. Such beams with diverse spatial structures or spatiotemporal structures have brought various breakthroughs to many fields, including optical communications, optical sensing, micromanipulation, quantum information processing, and super-resolution imaging. Thus, plenty of methods have been proposed, and lots of devices have been manufactured to generate structured light beams by tailoring the structures of beams in the space domain and the space–time domain. In this paper, we firstly give a brief introduction of different types of structured light. Then, we review the recent research progress in the generation and detection of structured light on different platforms, such as free space, optical fiber, and integrated devices. Finally, challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
The SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling maintains central nervous system homeostasis through the interaction with the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems, the neuroendocrine systems. Recently, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling has been reported to present nonrandom distribution in brain development and glioma progression, which exerts differential regulations on the assembly, differentiation, and function of neural precursors, neurons, glial cells, as well as glioma cells. In the present review, we highlight current knowledge about multiple molecular signaling pathways associated with the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in glioma. Not only is the expression of CXCR4 a key determinant of glioma progression, but SDF-1α is essential for site-specific invasive or metastatic processes. SDF-1α is the switch of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling from the endocrine loop to the autocrine and/or local paracrine loop in glioma progression and brain development. Studies of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in the field of brain development may provide valuable tactics for glioma treatment.
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