Li metal is a promising anode material for next-generation energy storage systems owing to its high theoretical capacity and low potential. However, uncontrollable Li dendrite growth during Li plating and...
The Li metal is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrode potential. However, its high reactivity and dendritic growth in carbonate-based electrolytes limit its application. To address these issues, we propose a novel surface modification technique using heptafluorobutyric acid. In-situ spontaneous reaction between Li and the organic acid generates a lithiophilic interface of lithium heptafluorobutyrate for dendrite-free uniform Li deposition, which significantly improves the cycle stability (Li/Li symmetric cells >1200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2) and Coulombic efficiency (>99.3%) in conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. This lithiophilic interface also enables full batteries to achieve 83.2% capacity retention over 300 cycles under realistic testing condition. Lithium heptafluorobutyrate interface acts as an electrical bridge for uniform lithium-ion flux between Li anode and plating Li, which minimizes the occurrence of tortuous lithium dendrites and lowers interface impedance.
Lithium(Li) dendrites growth seriously hinders the practical application of Li metal batteries. Here, we report an amidinothiourea (ATU) molecular as a new electrolyte additive to regulate Li stripping/plating behaviors for...
Rechargeable
Li-metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as the future
generation of prospective high-energy rechargeable battery systems.
However, the strong reactivity of the Li metal is highly likely to
cause side reactions with electrolytes, resulting in low coulombic
efficiency (CE), and Li dendrite growth is the culprit of safety concerns.
In this work, we report on a new approach utilizing 1,3,2-dioxathiolane
2,2-dioxide (DTD) additives in electrolytes to enhance the performance
of LMBs. The mechanisms of the DTD molecule were investigated in detail
using mass spectral titration, molecular dynamics simulations, and
in situ optical microscopy. In general, the DTD molecule not only
changes the Li-ion solvation structure but also optimizes the SEI
component, which decreases the energy barrier for Li deposition and
reduces the generation of “dead Li”. As a result, the
deposition morphology of Li was totally changed, and the growth of
Li dendrites was effectively suppressed. Electrochemical tests showed
that the average CE of the Li||Cu half-cells was improved from 71.0%
for 60 cycles to 95.8% for 275 cycles after the introduction of 5.0
wt % DTD in the carbonate electrolyte. Moreover, the Li||Li symmetric
cell and the Li||NCM811 full cell exhibited significantly enhanced
cycling stability.
In order to explore the current situation of carbon balance in Nanjing, with the above designated size industrial enterprises, 4993 residential communities and green areas as research objects, ArcGIS and ENVI software are used to spatially analyze the main carbon sources and carbon sinks in Nanjing. The calculation formulas of carbon sources and carbon sinks are used to calculate the carbon emissions and absorption of various districts in Nanjing, and compare the carbon balance of each district. The results show that: (1) the industrial and residential communities in Nanjing show the characteristics of agglomeration distribution; (2) the green land is mainly concentrated in the outskirts, which is mostly based on cultivated land; (3) the carbon balance coefficient of Nanjing city is 68, and all regions are in the carbon imbalance state, in which Qinhuai District is the most severe. Finally, from the planning point of view, suggestions for the construction of Nanjing City to improve the ecological environment of Nanjing and promote green sustainable development are proposed.
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