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This article presents a deca-band multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for full-screen metal frame smartphone, which covers wideband of GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300, LTE2500, WLAN/WiMAX, N78, and sub-6 GHz (4.8-5.1 GHz) bands table. Two kinds of antenna structures are positioned on the long side edge and form two 2 Â 2 MIMO array, covering the low-band (824-960 MHz) and mid-band (1710-2690 MHz/3300-3800 MHz), respectively. Four slot antennas are distributed on both sides of the short side edge.Each slot is connected to an antenna structure on the long side edge, sharing one port to form the high-band structure. By reutilization the low and mid-band structures, the high-band structure can achieved a wide band bandwidth without any additional matching structures. The high-band structure is composed of 4 Â 4 MIMO array and covers the band of 4800-5825 MHz. A prototype of the proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated and measured. The isolation of the antenna is larger than 15 dB, the efficiencies are between 31% and 63%, and the ECCs is less than 0.3, which shows that the proposed antenna has great potential in the future 4G/5G smartphone application.

A high-efficiency mobile phone antenna covering GSM band (880-960 MHz), DCS1800, PCS1900, UMTS, LTE2300 and LTE2500 band (1710-2690 MHz) with a narrow ground clearance of 2 mm is proposed considering the effect of head and hand of human. Such antenna for metal-rimmed smartphone applications is to address the performance deterioration caused by the users. It is found that a high efficiency can be obtained by making the main beam of the antenna not point to the head and hand because less energy is absorbed by human tissue in this case. Theory of characteristic mode (TCM) is applied to guide the design of the higher band (HB) antenna to obtain the desired radiation pattern. The simulated results, which strictly refer to the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) standard, show that the average efficiency with considering the effect of head and hand (ECEHH) of the designed antenna is improved by 9%, compared to the contrast antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which proves that the proposed antenna has a high ECEHH in the HB. K E Y W O R D Sthe effect of human head and hand, efficiency, theory of characteristic modes (TCM), antenna beam direction, narrow ground clearance

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