Graphene has been demonstrated as a candidate for optoelectronic devices due to its broad absorption spectrum and ultra-high carrier mobility. However, graphene is essentially transparent in visible and near-infrared regimes with an absorptivity of 2.3%, which largely limits its application in photodetection. Here, we show that metallic nanopillar antennas could improve light absorption in graphene detectors. The coupled antennas help to concentrate a free space electromagnetic wave around the nanopillars by localized surface plasmon resonance, strongly impacted by geometrical design. It is found that spectral selectivity can be realized by tuning key geometrical parameters such as period, radius, and height of the metallic nanopillar, leading to wavelength-tunable photodetectors within a broad range from 0.6 μm to 1.2 μm. With the optimized design, the detector exhibits an excellent photoresponsivity of 7 A W at a wavelength of 0.82 μm.
We report a graphene-based photodetector with ultra-high photoresponsivity and wavelength selectivity, targeting at the mid-infrared (MIR) regime. To enhance the spectral selectivity, a gold-grating structure is designed and implemented under the graphene layer to excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The electromagnetic field with specific wavelength can be guided to and confined within the designed subwavelength structures. The graphene layer contacted by metal is slightly p-type doped due to gold grating, improving the interband transition rate of electrons. The built-in potential established in the contact region facilitates the separation of non-equilibrium carriers generated on graphene layer, leading to a photovoltage. With optimized structural design the photodetector exhibits excellent photoresponsivity of 1 V/μW at the wavelength of 9 μm.
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