Police service calls have been studied widely in the Western context, but they are rarely discussed in the Chinese context. For the context of this study, it is important to note that the Chinese authorities implemented the strictest lockdown after the COVID-19 pandemic began. Drawing on the data from a county-level city in Hubei province, this study examines changes in the quantity and nature of 110 service calls before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The results indicate that the average weekly call numbers before and after the lockdown were higher than during the lockdown. Meanwhile, different call types produced different patterns, though the weekly call totals decreased during the lockdown. There was a significant decrease in crime, traffic, and dispute calls, but a substantial increase in calls related to domestic violence, public security, and other issues. Changes in the frequency of different call types pose challenges to police departments. These findings will have implications for deploying police forces and allocating resources within the pandemic crisis in particular.

The current study is the first study to emphasize family systems, violent norms, and violent peer association as three domains of the social environment that influence both adolescent violent offending and victimization among Chinese adolescents using a longitudinal sample. Under the framework of cultural spillover theory, the purpose of the current study was to explore how these three factors influenced adolescent violent offending and victimization. A total of 1192 middle and high school students were randomly selected from one of the largest cities in Southwest China. Structural equation model analysis was applied to investigate the direct and indirect effect of violence in the family system on violent offending and victimization. The results indicated that violent offending and victimization overlapped among Chinese adolescents. Violent peer association and acceptance of the violence norm fully mediated the effect of violence in the family system on violent offending, and partially mediated the effect of violence in the family system on violent victimization. In conclusion, adolescents who had experienced violence in their family system were more likely to be exposed to violent peer influences and to accept violent norms, which increased the likelihood of violence perpetration and victimization later in their life.

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Brain imaging studies in the general population have demonstrated that markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS), are highly prevalent in individuals over 60 years of age [1-4]. CSVD markers, and their progression, have been recognized as important vascular contributors to cognitive impairment and dementia [5, 6]. Therefore, investigation on progression of these markers is crucial to better understanding of both etiology and consequences of CSVD.