Chang'E‐5 is China's first lunar sample‐return mission, which will be launched in 2019. Understanding the distribution of rocks and craters in the candidate landing region is important for selecting suitable landing sites and studying the surface geology. This paper first separately investigates rock abundance and crater density in the candidate landing region, then provides a joint analysis of them, for the purposes of identifying potential hazards for safe landing and their geological implications. The results indicate that in the region, rocks are mostly concentrated around rocky ejecta craters. About 90% of the region has a rock abundance (the fractional area covered by rocks) of less than 1%. The average crater density is about 250 craters (≥ 100 m in diameter) per 100 km2; on average, 13.5% of the region is covered by craters. The surface ages of geologic units in the region estimated using crater size‐frequency distribution indicate that the eastern part of the region is younger than the western part. The joint analysis of rock abundance and crater density identifies local areas that are relatively unfavorable for safe landing. The joint analysis also indicates an exponential relationship between overall rock abundance and crater density, and a roughly linear relationship between overall rock abundance and surface age. Furthermore, the joint analysis indicates an inverse correlation between rock abundance and the relative maturation of craters. The presented research and results will be helpful for identifying suitable landing sites for the Chang'E‐5 lander. They also provide fresh insights into lunar surface geology.

IntroductionDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a huge burden for human health. Recent studies show the close relationship between DM and T cells. We investigated the trend in DM and T cells research.MethodsUsing the Web of Science database, we searched the publications on DM and T cells in 1997–2016, and studied the source data using bibliometric methodology. Excel 2016, GraphPad Prism 5, and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the publication trend in DM and T cells research.ResultsWe found a total of 1077 publications with 38109 citations up to January 23, 2017. The highest contribution came from the United States, with 48.38% of the publications, 61.44% of the citations and the highest H-index (74). China had the 5th place for total publications, but ranked 11th both for citation frequency (604) and H-index (13). The inflection point of the global DM and T cells publications was in 2000. Journal of Immunology published the most related articles (164). Santamaria P. was the leading scholar in this field with the most publications (35). The keywords “regulatory T cell” and “autoimmune diabetes” were mentioned more than 300 times. Furthermore, type 2 (T2)DM, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) and obesity are becoming popular research topics in this field.ConclusionThe quantity of publications on DM and T cells grew rapidly around year 2000, but has relatively decreased recently. The United States had the leading position in global research. There was a discrepancy between productivity and quality of publications from China. Latest progress is most likely first published by the Journal of Immunology. Santamaria P., Roep B.O. and Peakman M. were the pioneer scholars in this field. Most researchers have focused on “regulatory T cell” and “autoimmune diabetes” research. In future, T2DM, TIM and obesity may be the popular areas.

The deep structure of active reverse faults is generally difficult to constrain from surface observations and may conceal shortening within the hinterland. Here we investigate the geometry of active, crustal-scale reverse faulting from deformation of an unusually extensive set of river terraces preserved along the Beida River through the northwestern Qilian Shan. Two generations of fill terraces (T1 and T2) are well preserved from the foreland basin to at least 45 km within the hinterland. Optically stimulated luminescence and 10 Be dating methods indicate that T1 was abandoned at 24 ± 3 kyr B.P.; T2 was abandoned at 144 ± 30 kyr B.P. The T2 terrace profile reveals a long wavelength fold (~30 km) with a largest vertical deformation of~120 m relative to T1. Both kinematic and elastic modeling of the deformed terraces indicate that folding is a result of movement along a steep reverse fault (~50 o ), which merges into ã 10°décollement at 15-17 km depth. Estimated slip at depth is 1.8 times higher than fault slip at the surface, indicating a substantial proportion of shortening is absorbed by folding of the range interior. The shortening rate since abandonment of T2 is 1.4 ± 0.4 mm/yr, which is consistent with previous research and makes up 23 ± 10% of the geodetic shortening rate across Qilian Shan orogen. Our results support that crustal-scale reverse-faulting accommodates shortening and northward propagation of the North Qilian mountain front and that the total shortening rate is distributed between multiple faults within the Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor.

Seismogenic faults are commonly composed of a series of segments, revealed by geometric barriers and along‐strike gradients in fault activity. At the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Minle‐Damaying Fault (MDF), bounding a portion of the eastern Qilian Shan, illustrates segmented paleoseismic behavior of a major seismogenic reverse fault. Field surveys, trench excavations, and drone‐surveyed topography along the MDF reveal scarps with diverse cumulative displacements. Multiple events, with timing constrained by radiocarbon dating, are identified by both trench exposures and analysis of deformed landforms. Both individual coseismic displacements and slip rates taper toward the ends, revealing repeated rupture of the western MDF segment. Not all events present at the center of this segment appear at sites closer to the fault tips, suggesting that some earthquakes did not everywhere rupture to the surface. Isolated rupture of the western segment would produce a Mw7.0 earthquake. However, we cannot rule out correlation of some paleo‐earthquakes between two segments, corresponding to larger events. A cluster of two 7‐m slip events occurred on the eastern segment in the past 1,000 years, one of which may correspond to a multisegment event.